UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

 

 

FORM 10-K

 

 

(Mark One)

☒	ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2017

 

☐	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from                     to                     

Commission file number: 001-36379

 

 

ENERGOUS CORPORATION

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)

 

 

 

Delaware		46-1318953
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)		(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
3590 North First Street, Suite 210, San Jose, CA		95134
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)		(Zip Code)

(408) 963-0200

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12 (g) of the Act: Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.    Yes   ☐    No  ☒

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.    Yes  ☐    No  ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  ☒    No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).    Yes  ☒    No  ☐

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K.  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

 

Large accelerated filer		☐				Accelerated filer                  ☒
Non-accelerated filer		☐ (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)				Smaller reporting company ☐
						Emerging growth company ☒

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.  ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act):    Yes  ☐    No  ☒

The aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates computed by reference to the price at which the common equity was last sold, or the average bid and asked price of such common equity, as of the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter was $288,974,313. Solely for the purposes of this calculation, shares held by directors, executive officers and 10% owners of the registrant have been excluded. Such exclusion should not be deemed a determination or an admission by the registrant that such individuals are, in fact, affiliates of the registrant.

As of March 2, 2018, there were 25,155,547 shares of the registrant’s common stock outstanding.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

The registrant intends to file a definitive proxy statement pursuant to Regulation 14A within 120 days after the end of the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017. Portions of such proxy statement are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

 

 

 

ENERGOUS CORPORATION

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

PART I			1
Item 1. Business			1
Item 1A. Risk Factors			11
Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments			24
Item 2. Properties			24
Item 3. Legal Proceedings			24
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures			24
PART II			25
Item 5.  Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities			25
Item 6. Selected Financial Data			25
Item 7.  Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations			26
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk			32
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data			33
Item 9.  Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure.			61
Item 9A. Controls and Procedures			61
Item 9B. Other Information.			62
PART III			65
Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance.			65
Item 11. Executive Compensation			65
Item 12.  Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholders Matters.			65
Item 13.  Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence			65
Item 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services			65
PART IV			65
Item 15. Exhibits, Financial Statements and Schedules			65

PART I

As used in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, unless the context otherwise requires the terms “we,” “us,” “our,” and “Energous” refer to Energous Corporation, a Delaware corporation.

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Annual Report on Form 10-K (“Report”) contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, that are intended to be covered by the “safe harbor” created by those sections. Forward-looking statements, which are based on certain assumptions and describe our future plans, strategies and expectations, can generally be identified by the use of forward-looking terms such as “believe,” “expect,” “may,” “will,” “should,” “could,” “seek,” “intend,” “plan,” “estimate,” “anticipate” or other comparable terms. All statements other than statements of historical facts included in this Report regarding our strategies, prospects, financial condition, operations, costs, plans and objectives are forward-looking statements. Examples of forward-looking statements include, among others, statements we make regarding proposed business strategy; market opportunities; expectations for current and potential business relationships; expectations for revenues, cash flows and financial performance; and anticipated results of research and development efforts. These forward-looking statements are based on our current information and beliefs. Because forward-looking statements relate to the future, they are subject to inherent uncertainties, risks and changes in circumstances that are unpredictable and many of which are outside of our control. Actual results may differ materially from what is anticipated, so you should not rely on these forward-looking statements. Important factors that could cause actual outcomes to differ materially from those indicated in the forward-looking statements include, among others, the following: our ability to develop a commercially feasible technology; receipt of necessary regulatory approval; our ability to find and maintain development partners, market acceptance of our technology; competition in our industry; protection of our intellectual property; and other risks and uncertainties described in the Risk Factors and in Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations sections of this Report and our subsequently filed Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q. We undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statement, whether written or oral, that may be made from time to time, whether as a result of new information, future developments or otherwise.

Item 1. Business

Overview

We have developed a technology called WattUp^® that consists of proprietary semiconductor chipsets, software, hardware designs and antennas that enables radio frequency (“RF”) based charging for electronic devices, providing wire-free charging solutions for contact-based charging and at-a-distance charging, ultimately enabling charging with mobility under software control. Pursuant to our Strategic Alliance Agreement with Dialog Semiconductor plc (“Dialog”), Dialog manufactures and distributes integrated circuit (“IC”) products incorporating our RF-based wire-free charging technology. Dialog is our exclusive supplier of these ICs for the general market. We believe our proprietary technology can be utilized in a variety of devices, including wearables, hearing aids, earbuds, Bluetooth headsets, Internet of Things (“IoT”) devices, smartphones, tablets, e-book readers, keyboards, mice, remote controls, rechargeable lights, cylindrical batteries, medical devices and any other device with similar charging requirements that would otherwise need a battery or a connection to a power outlet.

We believe our technology is novel in its approach, in that we are developing a solution that charges electronic devices by surrounding them with a focused, radio frequency energy pocket (“RF energy pocket”). We are engineering solutions that we expect to enable the wire-free transmission of energy for contact-based applications as well as far field applications of up to 15 feet. We are also developing our Far Field transmitter

 

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technology to seamlessly mesh (like a network of Wi-Fi routers) to form a wire-free charging network that will allow users to charge their devices as they move from room-to-room or throughout a large space. To date, we have developed multiple transmitter prototypes in various form factors and power capabilities. We have also developed multiple receiver prototypes, including smartphone battery cases, toys, fitness trackers, Bluetooth headsets and tracking devices, as well as stand-alone receivers. We are also in the pre-production stage leading to mass production with early adopters of the WattUp technology to bring the first contact-based transmitters and compatible receivers to market.

When the company was founded, we recognized the need to build and design an enterprise-class network management and control software (“NMS”) system that was integral to the architecture and development of our wire-free charging technology. Our NMS system can be scaled up to control an enterprise consisting of thousands of devices or scaled down to work in a home or IoT environment.

The power, distance and mobility capabilities of the WattUp technology were validated by an internationally recognized independent testing lab in October 2015.

Our technology solution consists principally of transmitter and receiver ICs and novel antenna designs driven through innovative algorithms and software applications. We submitted our first IC design for wafer fabrication in November 2013 and have since been developing multiple generations of transmitter and receiver ICs, multiple antenna designs, as well as algorithms and software designs that we believe, in the aggregate, will optimize our technology by reducing size and cost, while increasing performance to a level that will enable our technology to be integrated into a broad spectrum of devices. We have developed a “building block” approach which allows us to scale our product implementations by combining multiple transmitter building blocks and/or multiple receiver building blocks to provide the power, distance, size and cost performance necessary to meet application requirements. While the technology is very scalable, in order to provide the necessary strategic focus to grow the company effectively, we have defined our market as devices that require 10 watts or less of power to charge. We intend to continue to invest in IC development as well as in the other components of the WattUp system to improve product performance, efficiency, cost-performance and miniaturization as required to grow the business and expand the ecosystem, while also distancing us from any potential competitors.

We believe that if our development, regulatory and commercialization efforts are successful, our transmitter and receiver technology will support a broad spectrum of charging solutions ranging from contact-based charging or charging at distances of a few millimeters (“near field”) to charging at distances of up to 15 feet (“far field”).

In February 2015, we signed a Development and License Agreement with one of the top consumer electronic companies in the world based on total worldwide revenues. The agreement is milestone-based and while there are no guarantees that the WattUp^® technology will ever be integrated into our strategic partner’s consumer devices, we continue to progress the relationship as evidenced by our 2017 revenues from engineering services resulting from the achievement of certain milestones under the agreement. We anticipate continued progress with the relationship, which we expect will result in additional engineering services revenue and ultimately, if our technology is incorporated into one or more products by our strategic partner, potentially significant revenues based on the WattUp^® technology being integrated into products shipped to consumers.

In February 2016, we began delivering evaluation kits to potential licensees to allow their respective engineering and product management departments to test and evaluate our technology. We expect that the testing and evaluations currently taking place will lead to products beginning to be shipped to consumers in 2018.

In November 2016, we entered into a Strategic Alliance Agreement with Dialog, pursuant to which Dialog manufactures and distributes IC products incorporating our wire-free charging technology. Dialog is our exclusive supplier of these products for the general market. Our WattUp technology will often use Dialog’s SmartBond^® Bluetooth low energy solution as the out-of-band communications channel between the wireless transmitter and receiver. In most cases, Dialog’s power management technology will then be used to distribute

 

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power from the WattUp receiver IC to the rest of the device while Dialog’s AC/DC Rapid Charge™ power conversion technology delivers power to the wireless transmitter.

Our intellectual property strategy includes pursuing patent protection for new innovations. As of March 2, 2018, we had more than 170 pending patent and provisional patent applications. As of that date, the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office and international patent offices had issued 77 patents and had notified us of the allowance of 50 additional patents. In addition to the inventions covered by these patents and patent applications, we have also identified specific inventions that we believe are novel and patentable. We intend to file for patent protection for the most valuable of these, and for other inventions that we expect to develop. Our strategy is to continually monitor the costs and benefits of each patent application and pursue those that we expect will best protect our business and expand the core value of the Company.

We have recruited and hired a seasoned management team with both private and public company experience and relevant industry experience to develop and execute our operating plan. In addition, we have identified and hired key engineering resources in the areas of IC development, antenna development, hardware, software and firmware engineering as well as integration and testing which will allow us to continue to expand our technology and intellectual property as well as meet the support requirements of our licensees.

Our common stock is quoted on The Nasdaq Stock Market under the symbol “WATT”. As of March 2, 2018, we had 68 full-time employees, 60 of which were engineers. We were incorporated in Delaware in October 2012. Our corporate headquarters is located at 3590 North First Street, Suite 210, San Jose, CA 95134. Our website can be accessed at www.energous.com. The information contained on, or that may be obtained from our website, is not, and shall not be deemed to be, part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

 

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Our Technology

The wire-free charging solution we are developing employs transmitter technology that creates a targeted RF energy pocket around a receiving device (mobile or fixed).

Figure 1 below shows a basic diagram of our solution. Today this solution is able to send RF energy from the transmitter to single or multiple devices.

Figure 1: Our Wire-Free Charging Solution

 

First, our proprietary transmitter locates the receiver(s) in space via technology we have developed using standard Bluetooth^® communications. Next, the transmitter, through software control, generates a controlled and focused RF-waveform to create an RF energy pocket around the receiver(s). Receiver(s) equipped with our antennas and ICs, and controlled by our software, are able to harvest power from this focused RF energy pocket. We believe that these receivers will be incorporated into various devices such as smartphones, wearables, fitness trackers, keyboards and mice, cameras, tablets, toys, IoT devices, sensors, remote controls, medical devices and other small electronics which contain embedded batteries.

Our transmitter uses proprietary software algorithms to dynamically direct, focus and control our RF waveform as it transmits energy to a moving object (such as a user holding their mobile device as they walk around a room).

Our initial demonstration system was able to transmit energy to multiple devices within a radius of 15 feet. We believe our current generation ICs and those in development will also allow us to significantly reduce the size and cost of both our transmitters and our receivers, and to increase delivered power and efficiency and faster synchronization.

 

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In January 2016, we announced a new Miniature WattUp Near Field Transmitter (now called WattUp Near Field Transmitter Technology) and a small form factor receiver, both of which were developed as a direct result of our efforts to reduce cost and size. The WattUp Near Field Transmitter Technology offers contact-based charging, for which we have received FCC approval, that allows for low power charging at up to five millimeter distances. Due to its low cost and small size, the miniature transmitter is anticipated to be bundled in-box with WattUp receiver enabled devices, replacing alternative charging solutions like power adapters and charging cables. The ability to provide a low cost, portable charging solution for receiver devices established portability for the WattUp solution, and we expect it to accelerate the adoption of our technology. In 2017, we announced the High-Power version of the WattUp nearfield transmitter that will have the ability to change on contact at levels of up to 10 watts.

Our Competition

There are many existing and commercially available methods for charging battery-powered devices, including wall plug-in charging, inductive charging, magnetic resonance charging, charging stations and more. To our knowledge, almost all consumer electronic devices equipped with a rechargeable battery come bundled with a method to charge the device (for example, a power cord). Studies indicate that the consumer has grown tired and frustrated with tethered charging solutions and that the market is poised and will be receptive to untethered wire-free power solutions like our WattUp technology. We believe that the positive market response and interest in the WattUp technology we have seen suggests that consumer electronic companies that develop products incorporating our technology will generate incremental sales and realize highly differentiated competitive advantages.

We believe our WattUp technology has a number of advantages compared to traditional charging technologies in terms of product spectrum, distance, size, cost, mobility, foreign object detection and portability. Further, our technology allows us to target a device and track that device if it moves, or is moving, and transmit focused energy to the targeted device to charge the device without having to remove the battery or plug in the device.

A variety of wireless charging technologies are on the market or under development today. These competitive technologies fall into the following categories:

Magnetic Induction. Magnetic induction uses a magnetic coil to create resonance, which can transmit energy over very short distances. Power is delivered as a function of coil size (the larger the coil, the more power), and coils must be directly paired (one receiver coil to one transmitter coil = directly coupled pair) within a typical distance of less than one inch. Products utilizing magnetic induction have been available for 10+ years in products such as rechargeable electronic toothbrushes.

Magnetic Resonance. Magnetic resonance is similar to magnetic induction, as it uses magnetic coils to transmit energy. This technology uses coils that range in size depending on the power levels being transmitted. It has the ability to transmit power at distances up to ~11 inches (30cm) which can be increased with the use of resonance repeaters.

Conductive. Conductive charging uses conductive power transfer to eliminate wires between the charger (often a charging mat) and the charging device. It requires the use of a charging board as the power transmitter to deliver the power, and a charging device, with a built-in receiver, to receive the power. This technology requires direct metal contact between the charging board and the receiver. Once the charging board recognizes the receiver, the charging begins.

RF Harvesting. Harvesting RF energy is at the core of our WattUp technology. RF harvesting typically utilizes directional antennas to target and deliver energy. To our knowledge, there are two other companies attempting to utilize a directional pocket of energy similar to that being developed by us.

 

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Laser. Laser charging technology uses very short wavelengths of light to create a collimated beam that maintains its size over distance, using what is described as distributed resonance to deliver power to an optical receiver.

Ultrasound. Ultrasound charging technology converts electric energy into acoustic energy in the form of ultrasound waves. It then reconverts those waves through an “energy-harvesting” receiver.

Our Business Strategy

Pursuant to our Strategic Alliance Agreement with Dialog, Dialog manufactures and distributes IC products incorporating our wire-free charging technology. Dialog is our exclusive supplier of these products for the general market. We believe there are several vertical markets with large volumes of potential annual sales that would benefit from our technology, and as a result, we may purchase our proprietary components through the Strategic Alliance Agreement. Our strategy is to support the development and proliferation of our WattUp^® technology to form a ubiquitous wire-free charging ecosystem.

We believe that our greatest market opportunity lies in wire-free charging at a distance, which we anticipate may develop in much the same way as the Wi-Fi ecosystem has developed. The goal is to ensure interoperability between transmitters and receivers that are based on our technology, regardless of who made them, installed them into finished goods, or marketed them. The implementation of previous ubiquitous solutions, such as Wi-Fi and Bluetooth, illustrates our goal. For example, Wi-Fi routers, regardless of their designer or manufacturer, work with Wi-Fi receivers installed in consumer electronic devices, regardless of the manufacturer. Accordingly, we are following the same rollout strategy as Wi-Fi in that we endeavor to:

 

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Carefully select initial target markets;

 

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Build multiple silicon-based chips to advance the technology;

 

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Partner with leading product companies;

 

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Develop reference designs to reduce early adopter risks and foster adoption;

 

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Provide game-changing benefits to the consumer in terms of utility and convenience;

 

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Design initial iterations of the technology to be small but scalable implementations that are compatible on both a local and enterprise scale;

 

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Invest in ease of use;

 

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Develop a strategy to build out the ecosystem starting with the consumer and expanding to enterprise, industrial and military;

 

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Implement a plan to initially sell ICs migrating to a combination of selling ICs and integrating our device libraries into third-party silicon such as Bluetooth Low Energy and Power Management Chips;

 

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Develop and execute on a strategy to gain global regulatory approval for both contact and distance based charging; and

 

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Support a consortium like the AirFuel™ Alliance (AFA) that is expected to lead to a qualification process to ensure compatibility of our WattUp technology across vendors and develop a common user experience at the application level.

In order for our technology to become a ubiquitous solution for charging at a distance, we intend to pursue an ecosystem strategy for our technology, engaging not only potential licensees for our transmitter and receiver technologies, but also their upstream and downstream value chain partners. We intend to capitalize on our first-to-market advantage and prioritize protection of our intellectual property portfolio, as we believe this strategy will make it less likely that a competing platform will be able to gain a solid foothold in the RF-based wireless charging-at-a-distance market and compete with our technology in a meaningful way.

 

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We believe our strategic relationship with Dialog will enable us to reap the benefits of our technology much faster and with greater penetration than by manufacturing and distributing products ourselves. We believe this strategic relationship allows us to solve the supply chain problem for major consumer electronic and IoT companies as well as leverage their highly regarded and experienced sales force while we concentrate our efforts and resources on engineering, development and commercialization projects to accelerate the introduction and adoption of the WattUp solution.

In order to engage with potential licensees of the WattUp technology, we have developed evaluation kits consisting of a transmitter and a receiver along with the enabling software to allow potential strategic partners to test the technology in their labs. The kits form a base “building block” component that is scalable to meet the needs of specific applications. We are developing processes and support capabilities to assist potential customers as they evaluate the technology and develop specific designs to incorporate it.

In selecting initial customers, we are employing a three-pronged strategy. First, we are engaging with smaller, more nimble early adopters who have short product cycles to ship fully integrated WattUp enabled devices to the consumer as quickly as possible. These customers are important from a technology validation standpoint. Simultaneously, we are engaging with larger, top tier customers who have the ability to ship WattUp enabled consumer and IoT devices in mass quantities beginning in the end of 2018. Finally, we continue to expand our customer based while we focus large opportunities with longer product cycles that should come to fruition in 2019 where we expect to see a significant increase in our revenues on the path to profitability.

Since we are developing a new electronic device charging paradigm for consumers, we expect the operational details of our strategy to continue to evolve as our technology matures and our engagements with strategic partners solidify. As a result, we expect to make operational course corrections as we steer the company towards our goal of a ubiquitous wire-free charging solution.

Our Target Markets

We believe that our technology will be compelling to many vertical markets, each of which may have several potential customers. To focus our activities and see WattUp-enabled products in the hands of consumers as quickly as possible, we have selected initial target markets and customers based on market potential and time-to-market capabilities. As we continue to develop our technology, we intend to add more markets and partners.

We identify our early target markets in two categories, transmitter target markets and receiver target markets.

Transmitter Target Markets

Transmitters are devices that broadcast RF energy pockets that can be accessed by Watt-Up enabled receivers in consumer electronic devices. We believe our transmitter technology will be developed and released in three basic categories:

 

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Stand-alone transmitters that are either sold independently or bundled as part of a pairing with a WattUp-enabled receiver device;

 

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Transmitters that are integrated into third party devices like televisions, computer monitors, sound bars, refrigerator doors, etc.; and

 

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Transmitters that are integrated with Wi-Fi routers to form a single device that provides both connectivity and wire-free power for a particular area.

 

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Stand-Alone Transmitters:

We currently plan to release stand-alone transmitters in three categories:

Near Field WattUp Transmitters:

Because of the distinct advantages compared to other existing forms of contact-based wireless charging including ease of manufacturing and relative ease of regulatory approval, we expect that products using our Near Field transmitter technology will be the first WattUp enabled products on the market. Our Near Field transmitters are ideally suited for a broad spectrum of devices such as wearables, IoT devices and other small electronics that require a small form factor receiver and a low-cost charging solution as well as larger, more power-hungry devices like smartphones, smart watches and tablets. These solutions will initially be one-to-one (one transmitter to one receiver) with follow-on versions being one transmitter to multiple receivers.

Mid Field WattUp Transmitters:

We expect that our Mid Field WattUp transmitters will be geared to desktop and automotive markets and will likely have a range of a few centimeters to one meter. We also intend for the Mid Field transmitters to have tracking ability to support mobile applications and multiple receiving devices. Midsized WattUp transmitters may include small desktop and nightstand transmitters designed to send power at distances for consumer electronic and IoT devices. The same technology may also be integrated into third party devices such as computer monitors, nightstand consumer electronics, accessories such as low voltage portable battery chargers and integrated automotive applications.

Far Field WattUp Transmitters:

Far Field WattUp transmitters are full featured transmitters with the power to charge multiple devices within a radius of up to 15 feet. We also expect that Far Field WattUp transmitters will have the ability to “pair” with other Far Field WattUp transmitters, allowing the user to create a large charging envelope encompassing many different rooms or large spaces while seamlessly providing charging to mobile devices that are moving through the coverage space. Far Field WattUp transmitters may also play a significant role in the powering of IoT devices that are fixed – such as security cameras and sensors. These may also be charged from a WattUp-enabled Wi-Fi router, which adds RF-based charging-at-a-distance functionality.

Transmitters Integrated into Third Party Devices:

The “building block” core architecture developed for the WattUp technology is ideally suited to a broad spectrum of third party devices like televisions and refrigerator doors. The flexibility of the architecture in terms of size, power, distance, and cost affords Energous licensees the opportunity to match our technology with specific requirements and limitations typically found with complex integrations. For example, the WattUp technology could be integrated into the door of a small refrigerator typically found in college dorm rooms providing charging capabilities to mobile devices anywhere in the room. Further, the “pairing” capabilities of the transmitter technology could enable licensees to develop venue-specific consumer electronics products like integrated televisions that are paired with integrated picture frames to provide mobile charging across a large room such as an airport lounge.

Wi-Fi Routers

We see the combination of the wire-free power router and the Wi-Fi router as a natural integration point and a synergistic application of both technologies. The WattUp wire-free power router shares a number of technical characteristics with Wi-Fi routers in that both devices operate in the airwaves in the unlicensed industrial, scientific and medical bands, both devices owe their success to the utility and convenience they bring to the

 

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consumer, both devices rely on antenna structures to send power and data, and both devices “pair” or provide hand off capabilities which allow for large “enabled” sites similar to a mesh network. We also believe that our technology may enhance the data signal of a Wi-Fi router, which we believe will provide an even stronger value proposition to wireless data router manufacturers.

The Wi-Fi router market has two segments: commercial and residential. The key differentiator between these segments is that commercial routers tend to have much more robust security features, including virtual private networks and advanced content filtering. We believe that our technology is applicable to both the commercial and residential Wi-Fi router markets based on the building block capabilities mentioned earlier that will enable the WattUp technology to effectively serve and support both markets.

In addition, the Wi-Fi router market has other key players. These include consumer electronics supply chain firms, including original equipment manufacturers (“OEMs”), original design manufacturers (“ODMs”), component manufacturers and branded consumer electronics firms. We believe that each of these categories of players can help to integrate our technology into a commercially available Wi-Fi router.

As part of our go-to-market strategy under the Strategic Alliance Agreement with Dialog, we are currently working with customers offering consumer and commercial applications of our technology.

Receiver Target Markets

We believe there are a wide variety of potential uses for our receiver technology, including:

 

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Smartphones

 

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Hearing aids

 

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IOT devices

 

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Wearables

 

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Tablets

 

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Mice

 

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Gaming consoles and controllers

 

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Keyboards

 

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e-book readers

 

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Remote controls

 

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Sensors (such as thermostats)

 

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Toys

 

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Rechargeable batteries

 

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Rechargeable lights

 

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Automotive accessories

 

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Personal care products (such as toothbrushes or shavers)

 

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Retail inventory management (such as RFID tags)

 

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Hand-held industrial devices (such as scanners or keypads)

 

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Medical devices

 

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This list is meant for illustrative purposes only; we cannot guarantee that we will address any of these markets, and we may decide to address a market that is not on the above list. We intend to continuously evaluate our target markets and choose new markets based on factors including (but not limited to) time-to-market, market size and growth, and the strength of our value proposition for a specific application.

Key Strategic Partnership

In January 2015, we signed a Development and License Agreement with a tier-one consumer electronics company to embed WattUp wire-free charging receiver technology in various products, including mobile consumer electronics and related accessories.

This Development and License Agreement, as amended, contains invention and development milestones requirements that we will need to achieve through fiscal 2018 and potentially beyond. We are entitled to receive development payments under the agreement, based on achievement of specified milestones.

During the development phase until one year after the first customer shipment of any WattUp enabled product within the partners portfolio of products, we will afford this customer a time to market advantage in the licensed product categories.

This agreement was last amended in December 2017 to allow us to market certain products that were previously restricted by the exclusivity terms of the agreement.

WattUp uses small form factor antennas that are formed using the existing device’s printed circuit board, removing the need for larger, more expensive coils. This enables broader adoption of wireless charging in a larger range of battery-powered devices, such as smartphones, tablets, IoT devices, small form factor wearables, gaming and Virtual Reality (VR)/Augmented Reality (AR) devices.

We believe this agreement, or one like it with another top tier consumer electronics company, presents an opportunity to accelerate critical mass adoption for WattUp^® wire-free power. We also believe that partners are the key to adoption and critical mass by the broad distribution of embedded or stand-alone transmitters into other consumer electronics devices. Finally, having this wide adoption on both the transmitter and the receiver side should create demand for broad adoption of our technology from circles outside of our key strategic partners.

In November 2016, we entered into a Strategic Alliance Agreement with Dialog for the manufacture and distribution of IC products incorporating our wire-free charging technology. Dialog is our exclusive supplier of these products for specified fields of use. Our WattUp chipsets are ordered through and manufactured by Dialog, carry the Dialog brand and are shipped and supported by Dialog. Dialog agreed to not distribute, sell or work with any third party to develop any competing products without our approval. Energous and Dialog agreed on a revenue sharing arrangement and will collaborate on the commercialization of licensed products based on a mutually-agreed upon plan.

Our WattUp technology uses Dialog’s SmartBond^® Bluetooth low energy solution as the out-of-band communications channel between the wireless transmitter and receiver. Dialog’s power management technology is used to distribute power from the WattUp receiver IC to the rest of the device while Dialog’s AC/DC Rapid Charge™ power conversion technology delivers power to the wireless transmitter.

Research and Development

Research and development costs accounted for approximately 66%, 69% and 63% of our total operating expenses for 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively. Our total research and development expenses were $33.2 million, $32.8 million, and $18.8 million for the 2017, 2016, and 2015, respectively. Research and development expenses are expected to increase in the future as we concentrate our efforts and resources on the commercialization of our technology.

 

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Our Intellectual Property

As a company primarily focused on licensing, we expect that our most valuable asset will be our intellectual property. This includes U.S. and foreign patents, patent applications and know-how. We have implemented an aggressive intellectual property strategy and are continuing to pursue patent protection for new innovations. As of March 2, 2018, we had more than 170 pending patent applications in the U.S. and abroad. Additionally, the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office and international patent offices have issued 77 patents and notified us of the allowance of 50 additional patents applications. In addition to the inventions covered by these patents and patent applications, we have identified a significant number of additional specific inventions we believe are novel and patentable. We intend to file for patent protection for the most valuable of these, as well as for other new inventions that we expect to develop. Our strategy is to continually monitor the costs and benefits of each patent application and pursue those that will best protect our business and expand the core value of the Company.

Government Regulation

Our wire-free charging technology involves the transmission of power using RF energy waves, which is subject to regulation by the Federal Communications Commission (“FCC”), and may be subject to regulation by other federal, state, local and international agencies. We believe our technology is safe, and we continue to consult with the FCC and other regulatory bodies to establish a process by which devices incorporating WattUp^® technology can secure required approvals.

As part of the regulatory approval process, devices incorporating the WattUp^® technology will need to obtain approvals under both FCC Part 15 and FCC Part 18, depending on specific application. Energous has received Part 15 and Part 18 FCC grants for WattUp enabled products and anticipates future domestic and international approvals for new and updated designs.

 

Current FCC Approvals:
FCC ID		Description		Grant Date
2ADNG-MS300A		WPT Client Device with BLE 913 MHz		01/05/2018
2ADNG-NF130		RF Wireless Charger and Receiver 5.8 GHz		05/02/2017
2ADNG-MS300A		Digital Transmission System WPT Client Device with BLE 2.4 GHz		01/05/2018
2ADNG-MT100		Close Coupled 5.8 GHz Charger Pad		05/24/2016
2ADNG-MS300		Wireless Charger 913 MHz		12/26/2017
2ADNG-MLA1599		Digital Transmission System Bluetooth Accessory 2.4GHz		12/30/2014
2ADNG-NF130		Digital Transmission System RF Wireless Charger and Receiver 2.4 GHz		05/02/2017
2ADNG-MS300		Wireless Charger 2.4 GHz		12/26/2017

Employees

As of March 2, 2018, we had 68 full-time employees. None of these employees are covered by a collective bargaining agreement, and we believe our relationship with our employees is good. We also employ consultants, including technical advisors, on an as-needed basis to supplement existing staff. Consultants and technical advisors provide us with expertise in electrical engineering, software development and other specialized areas of engineering and science.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

We are subject to many risks that may harm our business, prospects, results of operations and financial condition. This discussion highlights some of the risks that might adversely affect our future operating results in material ways. We believe these are the risks and uncertainties that are the most important ones we face. We

 

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cannot be certain that we will successfully address these risks, and if we are unable to address them, our business may not grow, our stock price may suffer and you could lose the value of your investment in our company. Other risks and uncertainties that we do not currently recognize as material risks, or that are similar to risks faced by other companies in our industry, may also impair our business, prospects, results of operations and financial condition. The risks discussed below include forward-looking statements, and our actual results may differ substantially from what is in these forward-looking statements.

Risks Related to Our Business

We have no history of generating meaningful product revenue, and we may never achieve or maintain profitability.

We have a limited operating history upon which investors may rely in evaluating our business and its prospects. We have generated only very limited revenues to date and we have a history of losses from operations. As of December 31, 2017, we had an accumulated deficit of approximately $174 million. Our ability to generate revenues on a more reliable and larger scale, and to achieve profitability, will depend on our ability to execute our business plan, complete the development of our technology, and incorporate it into products that customers wish to buy, and to do so rapidly with appropriate financing if necessary. If we are unable to generate revenues of significant scale to cover our costs of doing business, our losses will continue and we may not achieve profitability, which could negatively impact the value of your investment in our securities.

Terms of our Development and License Agreement with a tier-one consumer electronics company could inhibit potential licensees from working with us in specific markets.

We have entered into a Development and License Agreement with a tier-one consumer electronics company to embed our WattUp wire-free charging receiver and transmitter technology in various products, including mobile consumer electronics and related accessories. This agreement provides our strategic partner a time-to-market advantage during the development and until one year after the first customer shipment for specified WattUp-enabled consumer products. This may inhibit other potential licensees of our technology from engaging with us on competing consumer products, and may cause them to seek solutions offered by other companies, which could have a negative impact on our revenue opportunities and financial results.

We may be unable to demonstrate the feasibility of our technology.

We have developed working prototypes of products using our technology, but additional research and development is required to commercialize our technology for mid field and far field applications so that it can be successfully integrated into commercial products. Our research and development efforts remain subject to the risks associated with the development of new products that are based on emerging technologies, such as unanticipated technical problems, the inability to identify products utilizing our technology that will be in demand with customers, getting our technology designed in to those products, designing new products for manufacturability, and achieving acceptable price points for final products. Our technology must also satisfy customer expectations and be suitable for them to use in consumer applications. Any delays in developing our technology that arise from factors of this sort would aggravate our exposure to the risk of having inadequate capital to fund the research and development needed to complete development of these products. Technical problems causing delays would cause us to incur additional expenses that would increase our operating losses. If we experience significant delays in developing our technology and products based on it for use in potential commercial applications, particularly after incurring significant expenditures, our business may fail and you could lose the value of your investment in our company. To our knowledge, the technological concepts we are applying have never previously been successfully applied. If we fail to develop practical and economical commercial products based on our technology, our business may fail and you could lose the value of your investment in our stock.

 

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The FCC may deny approval for our technology, and future legislative or regulatory changes may impair our business.

Our wire-free charging technology involves transmission of power using radio frequency (RF) energy, which is subject to regulation by the Federal Communications Commission, or FCC. It may also be subject to regulation by other federal, state and local agencies. We design our technology to operate in a RF band that is also used for Wi-Fi routers and other wireless consumer electronics. Some customer applications may require us to develop our technology to work at different frequencies. The FCC grants product approval if, among other things, the human exposure to radio frequency emissions is below specified thresholds. For products that transmit more power, additional FCC approvals are required. There can be no assurance that devices incorporating our technology will receive FCC approval or that other governmental approvals will not be required. Our efforts to obtain FCC approval for devices using our technology is costly and time consuming. If approvals are not obtained in a timely and cost-efficient manner, our business and operating results would be materially harmed. In addition, new laws or regulations governing our technology could impose restrictions on us that could require us to redesign our technology or future products, or that are difficult or impracticable to comply with, all of which would adversely affect our revenues and financial results.

We depend upon our strategic relationship with Dialog Semiconductor, a provider of electronics products, and there can be no assurance that we will achieve the expected benefits of this relationship.

We have entered into a strategic cooperation agreement with Dialog Semiconductor, a provider of electronics products, pursuant to which we licensed our WattUp technology to Dialog and Dialog became the exclusive provider of our technology. We intend to leverage Dialog’s sales and distribution channels and its operational capabilities to accelerate market adoption of our technology, while we focus our resources on research and development of our technology. There can be no assurance that Dialog will promote our technology successfully, or that it will be successful in producing and distributing related products to our customers’ specifications. Dialog may have other priorities or may encounter difficulties in its own business that interfere with the success of our relationship. If this strategic relationship does not work as we intend, then we may be required to seek an arrangement with another strategic partner, or to develop internal capabilities, which will require a commitment of management time and our financial resources to identify a replacement strategic partner, or to develop our own production and distribution capabilities. As a result, we may be unable without undue expense to replace this agreement with one or more new strategic relationships to promote and provide our technology.

We may require additional financing in order to achieve our business plans, and there is no guarantee that it will be available on acceptable terms, or at all.

We may not have sufficient funds to fully implement our business plans. We expect that we will need to raise additional capital through new financings, even if we begin to generate meaningful commercial revenue. Such financings could include equity financing, which may be dilutive to stockholders, or debt financing, which could restrict our ability to borrow from other sources. In addition, such securities may contain rights, preferences or privileges senior to those of current stockholders. As a result of economic conditions, general global economic uncertainty, political change, and other factors, we do not know whether additional capital will be available when needed, or that, if available, we will be able to obtain additional capital on reasonable terms. If we are unable to raise additional capital due to the volatile global financial markets, general economic uncertainty or other factors, we may be required to curtail development of our technology or reduce operations as a result, or to sell or dispose of assets. Any inability to raise adequate funds on commercially reasonable terms could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition, including the possibility that a lack of funds could cause our business to fail and liquidate with little or no return to investors.

 

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Expanding our business operations as we intend will impose new demands on our financial, technical, operational and management resources.

To date we have operated primarily in the research and development phase of our business. If we are successful, we will need to expand our business operations, which will impose new demands on our financial, technical, operational and management resources. If we do not upgrade our technical, administrative, operating and financial control systems, or the unexpected expansion difficulties arise, including issues relating to our research and development activities and retention of experienced scientists, managers and engineers, could have a material adverse effect on our business, our results of operations and financial condition, and our ability to timely execute our business plan. If we are unable to implement these actions in a timely manner, our results may be adversely affected.

If products incorporating our technology are launched commercially but do not achieve widespread market acceptance, we will not be able to generate the revenue necessary to support our business.

Market acceptance of a wire-free charging system as a preferred method to recharge low-power fixed and mobile electronic devices will be crucial to our continued success. The following factors, among others, may affect the rate and level of market acceptance of products in our industry:

 

•

the price of products incorporating our technology relative to other products or competing technologies;

 

•

the effectiveness of sales and marketing efforts of our commercialization partners;

 

•

the support and rate of acceptance of our technology and solutions with our joint development partners;

 

•

perceptions, by individual and enterprise users, of our technology’s convenience, safety, efficiency and benefits compared to competing technologies;

 

•

press and blog coverage, social media coverage, and other publicity factors that are not within our control; and

 

•

regulatory developments.

If we are unable to achieve or maintain market acceptance of our technology, and if related products do not win widespread market acceptance, our business will be significantly harmed.

If products incorporating our technology are commercially launched, we may experience seasonality or other unevenness in our financial results in consumer markets or a long and variable sales cycle in enterprise markets.

Our strategy depends on the development of successful commercial products and effectively licensing our technology into the consumer, enterprise and commercial markets. We will need to understand procurement and buying cycles to be successful in licensing our technology. We anticipate it is possible that demand for our technology could vary similarly with the market for products with which our technology may be used, for example, the market for new purchases of laptops, tablet, mobile phones, gaming systems, toys, wearables and the like. Such consumer markets are often seasonal, with peaks in and around the December holiday season and the August-September back-to-school season. Enterprises and commercial markets may have annual or other budgeting and buying cycles that could affect us, and, particularly if we are designated as a capital improvement project, we may have a long or unpredictable sales cycle.

We may not be able to achieve all the features we seek to include in our technology.

We have developed working prototypes of commercial products that utilize our technology. Additional features and performance specifications we seek to include in our technology have not yet been developed. For example, some customer applications may require specific combinations of cost, footprint, efficiencies and

 

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capabilities at various charging power levels and distances as part of an overall system. We believe our research and development efforts will yield additional functionality and capabilities over time. However, there can be no assurance that we will be successful in achieving all the features we are targeting and our inability to do so may limit the appeal of our technology to consumers.

Future products based on our technology may require the user to purchase additional products to use with existing devices. To the extent these additional purchases are inconvenient, the adoption of our technology under development or other future products could be slowed, which would harm our business.

For rechargeable devices that utilize our receiver technology, the technology may be embedded in a sleeve, case or other enclosure. For example, products such as remote controls or toys equipped with replaceable AA size or other batteries would need to be outfitted with enhanced batteries and other hardware enabling the devices to be rechargeable by our system. In each case, an end user would be required to retrofit the device with a receiver and may be required to upgrade the battery technology used with the device (unless, for example, compatible battery technology and a receiver are built into the device). These additional steps and expenses may offset the convenience for some users and discourage some users from purchasing our technology under development or other future products. Such factors may inhibit adoption of our technology, which could harm our business. We have not developed an enhanced battery for use in devices with our technology, and our ability to enable use of our technology with devices that require an enhanced battery will depend on our ability to develop a commercial version of such a battery that could be manufactured at a reasonable cost. If we fail to develop or enable a commercially practicable enhanced battery, our business could be harmed, and we may need to change our strategy and target markets.

Laboratory conditions differ from field conditions, which could affect the effectiveness of our technology under development or other future products. Failures to move from laboratory to the field effectively would harm our business.

When used in the field, our technology may not perform as expected based on test results and performance of our technology under controlled laboratory circumstances. For example, in the laboratory a configuration of obstructions of transmission will be arranged in some fashion, but in the field receivers may be obstructed in many different and unpredictable ways over which we have no control. These conditions may significantly diminish the power received at the receiver or the effective range of the transmitter, because the RF energy from the transmitter may be absorbed by obscuring or blocking material or may need to be reflected off a surface to reach the receiver, making the transmission distance longer than straight-line distances. The failure of products using our technology or other future products to be able to meet the demands of users in the field could harm our business.

Safety concerns and legal action by private parties may affect our business.

We believe that our technology is safe. However, it is possible that we could discover safety issues with our technology or that some people may be concerned with wire-free transmission of power in a manner that has occurred with some other wireless technologies as they were put into residential and commercial use, such as the safety concerns that were raised by some regarding the use of cellular telephones and other devices to transmit data wirelessly in close proximity to the human body. In addition, while we believe our technology is safe, users of our technology under development or other future products who suffer medical ailments may blame the use of products incorporating our technology, as occurred with a small number of users of cellular telephones. A discovery of safety issues relating to our technology could have a material adverse effect on our business and any legal action against us claiming our technology caused harm could be expensive, divert management and adversely affect us or cause our business to fail, whether or not such legal actions were ultimately successful.

 

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Our industry is subject to intense competition and rapid technological change, which may result in technology that is superior to ours. If we are unable to keep pace with changes in the marketplace and the direction of technological innovation and customer demands, our technology and products may become less useful or obsolete and our operating results will suffer.

The consumer electronics industry in general, and the power, recharging and alternative recharging segments in particular, are subject to intense and increasing competition and rapidly evolving technologies. Because products incorporating our technology are expected to have long development cycles, we must anticipate changes in the marketplace and the direction of technological innovation and customer demands. To compete successfully, we will need to demonstrate the advantages of our products and technologies over established alternatives, and over newer methods of power delivery. Traditional wall plug-in recharging remains an inexpensive alternative to our technology. Directly competing technologies such as inductive charging, magnetic resonance charging, conductive charging, ultrasound and other yet unidentified solutions may have greater consumer acceptance than the technologies we have developed. Furthermore, certain competitors may have greater resources than we have and may be better established in the market than we are. We cannot be certain which other companies may have already decided to or may in the future choose to enter our markets. For example, consumer electronics products companies may invest substantial resources in wireless power or other recharging technologies and may decide to enter our target markets. Successful developments of competitors that result in new approaches for recharging could reduce the attractiveness of our products and technologies or render them obsolete.

Our future success will depend in large part on our ability to establish and maintain a competitive position in current and future technologies. Rapid technological development may render our technology or future products based on our technology obsolete. Many of our competitors have greater corporate, financial, operational, sales and marketing resources than we have, as well as more experience in research and development. We cannot assure you that our competitors will not develop or market technologies that are more effective or commercially attractive than our products or that would render our technologies and products obsolete. We may not have or the financial resources, technical expertise, marketing, distribution or support capabilities to compete successfully in the future. Our success will depend in large part on our ability to maintain a competitive position with our technologies.

Our competitive position also depends on our ability to:

 

•

generate widespread awareness, acceptance and adoption by the consumer and enterprise markets of our technology under development and future products;

 

•

design a product that may be sold at an acceptable price point;

 

•

develop new or enhanced technologies or features that improve the convenience, efficiency, safety or perceived safety, and productivity of our technology under development and future products;

 

•

properly identify customer needs and deliver new products or product enhancements to address those needs;

 

•

limit the time required from proof of feasibility to routine production;

 

•

limit the timing and cost of regulatory approvals;

 

•

attract and retain qualified personnel;

 

•

protect our inventions with patents or otherwise develop proprietary products and processes; and

 

•

secure sufficient capital resources to expand both our continued research and development, and sales and marketing efforts.

If our technology does not compete well based on these or other factors, our business could be harmed.

 

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It is difficult and costly to protect our intellectual property and our proprietary technologies, and we may not be able to ensure their protection.

Our success depends significantly on our ability to obtain, maintain and protect our proprietary rights to the technologies used in products incorporating our technologies. Patents and other proprietary rights provide uncertain protections, and we may be unable to protect our intellectual property. For example, we may be unsuccessful in defending our patents and other proprietary rights against third party challenges. If we do not have the resources to defend our intellectual property, the value of our intellectual property and our licensed technology will decline, threatening our potential revenue and results of operations.

We depend upon a combination of patent, trade secrets, copyright and trademark laws to protect our intellectual property and technology.

We rely on a combination of patents, trade secrets, copyright and trademark laws, nondisclosure agreements and other contractual provisions and technical security measures to protect our intellectual property rights. These measures may not be adequate to safeguard our technology. If they do not protect our rights adequately, third parties could use our technology, and our ability to compete in the market would be reduced. Although we are attempting to obtain patent coverage for our technology where available and where we believe appropriate, there are aspects of the technology for which patent coverage may never be sought or received. We may not possess the resources to or may not choose to pursue patent protection outside the United States or any or every country other than the United States where we may eventually decide to sell our future products. Our ability to prevent others from making or selling duplicate or similar technologies will be impaired in those countries in which we have no patent protection. Although we have a number of patent applications on file in the United States, the patents may not issue, may issue only with limited coverage or may issue and be subsequently successfully challenged by others and held invalid or unenforceable.

Similarly, even if patents are issued based on our applications or future applications, any issued patents may not provide us with any competitive advantages. Competitors may be able to design around our patents or develop products that provide outcomes comparable or superior to ours. Our patents may be held invalid or unenforceable as a result of legal challenges by third parties, and others may challenge the inventorship or ownership of our patents and pending patent applications. In addition, if we secure protection in countries outside the United States, the laws of some foreign countries may not protect our intellectual property rights to the same extent as do the laws of the United States. In the event a competitor infringes upon our patent or other intellectual property rights, enforcing those rights may be difficult and time consuming. Even if successful, litigation to enforce our intellectual property rights or to defend our patents against challenge could be expensive and time consuming and could divert our management’s attention. We may not have sufficient resources to enforce our intellectual property rights or to defend our patents against a challenge.

Our strategy is to deploy our technology into the market by licensing patent and other proprietary rights to third parties and customers. Disputes with our licensors may arise regarding the scope and content of these licenses. Further, our ability to expand into additional fields with our technologies may be restricted by existing licenses or licenses we may grant to third parties in the future.

The policies we use to protect our trade secrets may not be effective in preventing misappropriation of our trade secrets by others. In addition, confidentiality agreements executed by our employees, consultants and advisors may not be enforceable or may not provide meaningful protection for our trade secrets or other proprietary information in the event of unauthorized use or disclosure. Litigating a trade secret claim is expensive and time consuming, and the outcome is unpredictable. Moreover, our competitors may independently develop equivalent knowledge methods and know-how. If we are unable to protect our intellectual property rights, we may be unable to prevent competitors from using our own inventions and intellectual property to compete against us, and our business may be harmed.

 

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We may be subject to patent infringement or other intellectual property lawsuits that could be costly to defend.

Because our industry is characterized by competing intellectual property, we may become involved in litigation based on claims that we have violated the intellectual property rights of others. Determining whether a product infringes a patent involves complex legal and factual issues, and the outcome of patent litigation actions is often uncertain. No assurance can be given that third party patents containing claims covering our products, parts of our products, technology or methods do not exist, have not been filed, or could not be filed or issued. Because of the number of patents issued and patent applications filed in our technical areas or fields (including some pertaining specifically to wireless charging technologies), our competitors or other third parties may assert that our products and technology and the methods we employ in the use of our products and technology are covered by United States or foreign patents held by them. In addition, because patent applications can take many years to issue and because publication schedules for pending applications vary by jurisdiction, there may be applications now pending which may result in issued patents that our technology under development or other future products would infringe. Also, because the claims of published patent applications can change between publication and patent grant, there may be published patent applications that may ultimately issue with claims that we infringe. There could also be existing patents that one or more of our technologies, products or parts may infringe and of which we are unaware. As the number of competitors in the market for wire-free power and alternative recharging solutions increases, and as the number of patents issued in this area grows, the possibility of patent infringement claims against us increases. Some of our competitors may be able to sustain the costs of complex patent litigation more effectively than we can because they have substantially greater resources. In addition, any uncertainties resulting from the initiation and continuation of any litigation could have a material adverse effect on our ability to raise the funds necessary to continue our operations.

In the event that we become subject to a patent infringement or other intellectual property lawsuit and if the relevant patents or other intellectual property were upheld as valid and enforceable and we were found to infringe or violate the terms of a license to which we are a party, we could be prevented from selling any infringing products of ours unless we could obtain a license or were able to redesign the product to avoid infringement. If we were unable to obtain a license or successfully redesign, we might be prevented from selling our technology under development or other future products. If there is a determination that we have infringed the intellectual property rights of a competitor or other person, we may be required to pay damages, pay a settlement, or pay ongoing royalties, or be enjoined. In these circumstances, we may be unable to sell our products or license our technology at competitive prices or at all, and our business and operating results could be harmed.

We could become subject to product liability claims, product recalls, and warranty claims that could be expensive, divert management’s attention and harm our business.

Our business exposes us to potential liability risks that are inherent in the marketing and sale of products used by consumers. We may be held liable if our technology under development now or in the future causes injury or death or are found otherwise unsuitable during usage. Our technology under development incorporates sophisticated components and computer software. Complex software can contain errors, particularly when first introduced. In addition, new products or enhancements may contain undetected errors or performance problems that, despite testing, are discovered only after installation. While we believe our technology is safe, users could allege or possibly prove defects (some of which could be alleged or proved to cause harm to users or others) because we design our technology to perform complex functions involving RF energy, possibly in close proximity to users. A product liability claim, regardless of its merit or eventual outcome, could result in significant legal defense costs. The coverage limits of our insurance policies we may choose to purchase to cover related risks may not be adequate to cover future claims. If sales of products incorporating our technology increase or we suffer future product liability claims, we may be unable to maintain product liability insurance in the future at satisfactory rates or with adequate amounts. A product liability claim, any product recalls or excessive warranty claims, whether arising from defects in design or manufacture or otherwise, could negatively affect our sales or require a change in the design or manufacturing process, any of which could harm our reputation and business, harm our relationship with licensors of our products, result in a decline in revenue and harm our business.

 

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In addition, if a product that we or a strategic partner design is defective, whether due to design or manufacturing defects, improper use of the product or other reasons, we or our strategic partners may be required to notify regulatory authorities and/or to recall the product. A required notification to a regulatory authority or recall could result in an investigation by regulatory authorities of products incorporating our technology, which could in turn result in required recalls, restrictions on the sale of such products or other penalties. The adverse publicity resulting from any of these actions could adversely affect the perception of our customers and potential customers. These investigations or recalls, especially if accompanied by unfavorable publicity, could result in our incurring substantial costs, losing revenues and damaging our reputation, each of which would harm our business.

We are subject to risks associated with our utilization of consultants.

To improve productivity and accelerate our development efforts while we build out our own engineering team, we may use experienced consultants to assist in selected development projects. We take steps to monitor and regulate the performance of these independent third parties. However, arrangements with third party service providers may make our operations vulnerable if these consultants fail to satisfy their obligations to us as a result of their performance, changes in their own operations, financial condition, or other matters outside of our control. Effective management of our consultants is important to our business and strategy. The failure of our consultants to perform as anticipated could result in substantial costs, divert management’s attention from other strategic activities, or create other operational or financial problems for us. Terminating or transitioning arrangements with key consultants could result in additional costs and a risk of operational delays, potential errors and possible control issues as a result of the termination or during the transition.

If we are not able to secure advantageous license agreements for our technology, our business and results of operations will be adversely affected.

We pursue the licensing of our technology as a primary means of revenue generation. We believe there are many companies that would be interested in implementing our technology into their devices. We have entered into one product development and license agreement with a tier-one consumer electronics company that has the potential to yield license revenue. We have also entered into a number of evaluation and joint development agreements with potential strategic partners. However, these agreements do not commit either party to a long-term relationship and any of these parties may disengage with us at any time. Creating a licensing business relationship often takes a substantial effort, as we expect to have to convince the counterparty of the efficacy of our technology, meet design and manufacturing requirements, satisfy marketing and product needs, and comply with selection, review and contracting requirements. There can be no assurance that we will be able to gain access to potential licensing partners, or that they will ultimately decide to integrate our technology with their products. We may not be able to secure license agreements with customers on advantageous terms, and the timing and volume of revenue earned from license agreements will be outside of our control. If the license agreements we enter into do not prove to be advantageous to us, our business and results of operations will be adversely affected.

Our business is subject to data security risks, including security breaches.

We, or our third-party vendors on our behalf, collect, process, store and transmit substantial amounts of information, including information about our customers. We take steps to protect the security and integrity of the information we collect, process, store or transmit, but there is no guarantee that inadvertent or unauthorized use or disclosure will not occur or that third parties will not gain unauthorized access to this information despite such efforts. Security breaches, computer malware, computer hacking attacks and other compromises of information security measures have become more prevalent in the business world and may occur on our systems or those of our vendors in the future. Large Internet companies and websites have from time to time disclosed sophisticated

and targeted attacks on portions of their websites, and an increasing number have reported such attacks resulting in breaches of their information security. We and our third-party vendors are at risk of suffering from similar

 

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attacks and breaches. Although we take steps to maintain confidential and proprietary information on our information systems, these measures and technology may not adequately prevent security breaches and we rely on our third-party vendors to take appropriate measures to protect the security and integrity of the information on those information systems. Because techniques used to obtain unauthorized access to or to sabotage information systems change frequently and may not be known until launched against us, we may be unable to anticipate or prevent these attacks. In addition, a party who is able to illicitly obtain a customer’s identification and password credentials may be able to access the customer’s account and certain account data.

Any actual or suspected security breach or other compromise of our security measures or those of our third-party vendors, whether as a result of hacking efforts, denial-of-service attacks, viruses, malicious software, break-ins, phishing attacks, social engineering or otherwise, could harm our reputation and business, damage our brand and make it harder to retain existing customers or acquire new ones, require us to expend significant capital and other resources to address the breach, and result in a violation of applicable laws, regulations or other legal obligations. Our insurance policies may not be adequate to reimburse us for direct losses caused by any such security breach or indirect losses due to resulting customer attrition.

We rely on email and other messaging services to connect with our existing and potential customers. Our customers may be targeted by parties using fraudulent spoofing and phishing emails to misappropriate passwords, payment information or other personal information or to introduce viruses through Trojan horse programs or otherwise through our customers’ computers, smartphones, tablets or other devices. Despite our efforts to mitigate the effectiveness of such malicious email campaigns through product improvements, spoofing and phishing may damage our brand and increase our costs. Any of these events or circumstances could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and operating results.

We are highly dependent on key members of our executive management team. Our inability to retain these individuals could impede our business plan and growth strategies, which could have a negative impact on our business and the value of your investment.

Our ability to implement our business plan depends, to a critical extent, on the continued efforts and services of a very small number of key executives. If we lose the services of any of these persons, we could be required to expend significant time and money in the pursuit of replacements, which may result in a delay in the implementation of our business plan and plan of operations. If necessary, we can give no assurance that we could find satisfactory replacements for these individuals on terms that would not be unduly expensive or burdensome to us. We do not currently carry a key-man life insurance policy that would assist us in recouping our costs in the event of the death or disability of any of these executives.

Our success and growth depend on our ability to attract, integrate and retain high-level engineering talent.

Because of the highly specialized and complex nature of our business, our success depends on our ability to attract, hire, train, integrate and retain high-level engineering talent. Competition for such personnel is intense because we compete for talent against many large profitable companies and our inability to adequately staff our operations with highly qualified and well-trained engineers could render us less efficient and impede our ability to develop and deliver a commercial product. Such a competitive market could put upward pressure on labor costs for engineering talent. We may incur significant costs to attract and retain highly qualified talent, and we may lose new employees to our competitors or other technology companies before we realize the benefit of our investment in recruiting and training them. Volatility or lack of performance in our stock price may also affect our ability to attract and retain qualified personnel.

 

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Risks Related to Ownership of Our Common Stock

You may lose all of your investment.

Investing in our common stock involves a high degree of risk. As an investor, you may never recoup all, or even part of, your investment and you may never realize any return on your investment. You must be prepared to lose all of your investment.

Our stock price is likely to continue to be volatile.

The market price of the common stock has fluctuated significantly since it was first listed on The Nasdaq Stock Market in 2014. Our common stock has experienced an intra-day trading high of $33.50 per share and a low of $6.91 per share over the last 52 weeks. The price of our common stock is likely to continue to fluctuate significantly in response to many factors that are beyond our control, including:

 

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Regulatory announcements, such as the recent FCC approval of our mid-range transmitter and receiver technology;

 

•

actual or anticipated variations in operating results;

 

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the limited number of holders of the common stock;

 

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changes in the economic performance and/or market valuations of other technology companies;

 

•

our announcements of significant strategic partnerships, regulatory developments and other events;

 

•

announcements by other companies in the wire-free charging space;

 

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articles published or rumors circulated by third parties regarding our business, technology or development partners;

 

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additions or departures of key personnel; and

 

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sales or other transactions involving our capital stock.

We are an “emerging growth company,” and are able to take advantage of reduced disclosure requirements, excluding applicable to emerging growth companies, which could make our common stock less attractive to investors.

We are an “emerging growth company,” as defined in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012, and, for as long as we continue to be an emerging growth company, we intend to take advantage of exemptions from various reporting requirements, including, but not limited to, not being required to provide auditor attestation of our internal controls, reduced disclosure about executive compensation, and exemption from the requirement to hold a nonbinding advisory vote on executive compensation. However, we chose not to delay compliance with new or revised financial accounting standards. We could be an emerging growth company until 2019 or, if earlier, the year when the market value of our common stock held by non-affiliates exceeds $700.0 million as of the last business day of our most recent second quarter end. If investors find our common stock less attractive as a result of reduced disclosure of this sort, there may be a less active trading market for our common stock and our stock price may decline.

If we are unable to maintain effective internal control over financial reporting, investors may lose confidence in the accuracy of our financial reports.

As a public company, we are required to maintain internal control over financial reporting and to report any material weaknesses in such internal controls. Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act requires that we evaluate and determine the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting. Although our management has

 

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determined that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2017, we cannot assure you that we not identify a material weakness in our internal control in the future.

If we have a material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting in the future, we may not detect errors on a timely basis. If we are not able to comply with the requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, or if we identify a material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting in the future, it could harm our operating results, cause us to fail to meet our SEC reporting obligations or Nasdaq listing requirements, adversely affect our reputation, cause our stock price to decline or result in inaccurate financial reporting or material misstatements in our annual or interim financial statements. Further, if there are material weaknesses or failures in our ability to meet any of the requirements related to the maintenance and reporting of our internal controls such as Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, investors may lose confidence in the accuracy and completeness of our financial reports and that could cause the price of our common stock to decline. We could become subject to investigations by Nasdaq, the SEC or other regulatory authorities, which could require additional management attention and which could adversely affect our business.

In addition, our internal control over financial reporting will not prevent or detect all errors and fraud. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that misstatements due to error or fraud will not occur or that all control issues and instances of fraud will be detected.

We have not paid dividends in the past and have no immediate plans to pay dividends.

We plan to reinvest all of our earnings, to the extent we have earnings, in order to market our products and technology and to cover operating costs and to otherwise become and remain competitive. We do not plan to pay any cash dividends with respect to our securities in the foreseeable future. We cannot assure you that we would, at any time, generate sufficient surplus cash that would be available for distribution to the holders of our common stock as a dividend.

Concentration of ownership among our existing executive officers, directors and significant stockholders may prevent new investors from influencing significant corporate decisions.

All decisions with respect to the management of our company are made by our board of directors and our officers, who beneficially own approximately 7.6% of our common stock collectively. In addition, our greater than 5% stockholders such as Dialog, Emily and Malcolm Fairbairn, Hood River Capital Management, DvineWave, and BlackRock Inc. beneficially owned approximately 17.6%, 7.0%, 6.7%, 6.7%, and 5.4%, respectively, of our common stock as of February 15, 2018. As a result, these stockholders will be able to exercise a significant level of control over all matters requiring stockholder approval, including the election of directors, amendment of our certificate of incorporation and approval of significant corporate transactions. This control could have the effect of delaying or preventing a change of control of our company or changes in management and will make the approval of certain transactions difficult or impossible without the support of these stockholders.

We expect to continue to incur significant costs as a result of being a public reporting company and our management will be required to devote substantial time to meet our compliance obligations.

As a public reporting company, we incur significant legal, accounting and other expenses. We are subject to reporting requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and rules subsequently implemented by the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) that require us to establish and maintain effective disclosure controls and financial controls, as well as some specific corporate governance practices. Our management and other personnel are expected to devote a substantial amount of time to compliance initiatives associated with our public reporting company status.

 

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We may be subject to securities litigation, which is expensive and could divert management attention.

Our stock price has fluctuated in the past, most recently following our announcement of Federal Communications Commission approval of our mid-field transmitter technology, and it may be volatile in the future. In the past, companies that have experienced volatility in the market price of their securities have been subject to securities class action litigation, and we may be the target of litigation of this sort in the future. Securities litigation is costly and can divert management attention from other business concerns, which could seriously harm our business and the value of your investment in our company.

An active trading market for our common stock may not be maintained.

Our stock is currently traded on The Nasdaq Stock Market, but we can provide no assurance that we will be able to maintain an active trading market on this or any other exchange in the future. If an active market for our common stock is not maintained, it may be difficult for our stockholders to sell or purchase shares. An inactive market may also impair our ability to raise capital to continue to fund operations by selling shares and impair our ability to acquire other companies or technologies using our shares as consideration.

If securities or industry analysts do not publish research or reports about our business, or publish negative reports about our business, our stock price and trading volume could decline.

The trading market for our common stock will depend in part on the research and reports that securities or industry analysts publish about us or our business. We do not have any control over these analysts. There can be no assurance that analysts will continue to cover us or provide favorable coverage. If one or more of the analysts who cover us downgrade our stock or change their opinion of our stock, our stock price would likely decline. If one or more of these analysts cease coverage of our company or fail to regularly publish reports on us, we could lose visibility in the financial markets, which could cause our stock price or trading volume to decline.

Our ability to use net operating loss carry forwards to reduce future tax payments may be limited if our taxable income does not reach sufficient levels.

As of December 31, 2017, we had a Federal net operating loss (“NOL”) carryforward of $84,418,000. Under the U.S. Tax Code, NOL can generally be carried forward to offset future taxable income for a period of 20 years. Our ability to use our NOL during this period will be dependent on our ability to generate taxable income, and the NOL could expire before we generate sufficient taxable income. As of December 31, 2017, based on our history of operating losses it is possible that a portion of our NOL is not fully realizable.

Our charter documents and Delaware law may inhibit a takeover that stockholders consider favorable.

Provisions of our certificate of incorporation and bylaws, and applicable Delaware law, may delay or discourage transactions involving an actual or potential change in control or change in our management, including transactions in which stockholders might otherwise receive a premium for their shares, or transactions that our stockholders might otherwise deem to be in their best interests. The provisions in our certificate of incorporation and bylaws:

 

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authorize our board of directors to issue preferred stock without stockholder approval and to designate the rights, preferences and privileges of each class; if issued, such preferred stock would increase the number of outstanding shares of our capital stock and could include terms that may deter an acquisition of us;

 

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limit who may call stockholder meetings;

 

•

do not permit stockholders to act by written consent;

 

•

do not provide for cumulative voting rights; and

 

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provide that all vacancies may be filled by the affirmative vote of a majority of directors then in office, even if less than a quorum.

In addition, Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law may limit our ability to engage in any business combination with a person who beneficially owns 15% or more of our outstanding voting stock unless certain conditions are satisfied. This restriction lasts for a period of three years following the share acquisition. These provisions may have the effect of entrenching our management team and may deprive you of the opportunity to sell your shares to potential acquirers at a premium over prevailing prices. This potential inability to obtain a control premium could reduce the price of our common stock.

Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments

Not applicable.

Item 2. Properties

In 2014, we entered into a lease agreement for our corporate headquarters located at Northpointe Business Center, 3590 North First Street in San Jose, California. The lease will expire in August 2019. This space is used for our headquarters and for research and development efforts. In 2015, we entered into two sub-lease agreements for additional laboratory space in San Jose, CA, both of which expire in June 2019. In May 2017, we entered into a lease agreement for office space in Costa Mesa, CA which is utilized by our engineers residing in Southern California, which will expire in September 2019.

Item 3. Legal Proceedings

We are not currently a party to any pending legal proceedings that we believe will have a material adverse effect on our business or financial conditions. We may, however, be subject to various claims and legal actions arising in the ordinary course of business from time to time.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

 

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PART II

Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

Our shares of common stock are listed on The Nasdaq Stock Market under the symbol “WATT.” The table below provides, for the fiscal quarters indicated, the reported high and low closing sales prices for our common stock on The Nasdaq Stock Market since January 1, 2016.

 

		Price Range
		High				Low
Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2016
First Quarter		$	11.02			$	3.86
Second Quarter		$	13.65			$	9.58
Third Quarter		$	19.61			$	11.74
Fourth Quarter		$	19.26			$	12.92
Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2017
First Quarter		$	19.16			$	13.61
Second Quarter		$	16.45			$	12.30
Third Quarter		$	16.51			$	8.95
Fourth Quarter		$	31.57			$	7.38

As of December 31, 2017, there were 13 holders of record of our common stock, and we believe we have significantly more beneficial holders of our common stock.

We have never paid cash dividends on our securities and we do not anticipate paying any cash dividends on our shares of common stock in the foreseeable future. We intend to retain any future earnings for reinvestment in our business. Any future determination to pay cash dividends will be at the discretion of our board of directors, and will be dependent upon our financial condition, results of operations, capital requirements and such other factors as our board of directors deems relevant.

Item 6. Selected Financial Data

The data set forth below should be read in conjunction with Item 7 – “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and the Company’s financial statements and notes thereto.

 

		2017				2016				2015
Selected data from the Statements of Operations:
Revenue		$	1,154,009			$	1,451,941			$	2,500,000
Loss from operations		$	(49,387,828	)		$	(45,830,720	)		$	(27,577,339	)
Net loss		$	(49,376,875	)		$	(45,817,394	)		$	(27,561,702	)
Basic and diluted loss per common share		$	(2.31	)		$	(2.60	)		$	(2.07	)
Selected data from Balance Sheets:
Total Assets		$	15,405,445			$	35,258,940			$	32,675,528

The Company has had no long-term liabilities, preferred stock or dividends declared.

 

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Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Overview

We have developed a technology called WattUp^® that consists of proprietary semiconductor chipsets, software, hardware designs and antennas that enables radio frequency (“RF”) based charging for electronic devices, providing wire-free charging solutions for contact-based charging and at-a-distance charging, ultimately enabling charging with mobility under software control. Pursuant to our Strategic Alliance Agreement with Dialog Semiconductor plc (“Dialog”), Dialog manufactures and distributes integrated circuit (“IC”) products incorporating our RF-based wire-free charging technology. Dialog is our exclusive supplier of these ICs for the general market. We believe our proprietary technology can be utilized in a variety of devices, including wearables, hearing aids, earbuds, Bluetooth headsets, Internet of Things (“IoT”) devices, smartphones, tablets, e-book readers, keyboards, mice, remote controls, rechargeable lights, cylindrical batteries, medical devices and any other device with similar charging requirements that would otherwise need a battery or a connection to a power outlet.

We believe our technology is novel in its approach, in that we are developing a solution that charges electronic devices by surrounding them with a focused, radio frequency energy pocket (“RF energy pocket”). We are engineering solutions that we expect to enable the wire-free transmission of energy for contact-based applications as well as far field applications of up to 15 feet. We are also developing our Far Field transmitter technology to seamlessly mesh (like a network of Wi-Fi routers) to form a wire-free charging network that will allow users to charge their devices as they move from room-to-room or throughout a large space. To date, we have developed multiple transmitter prototypes in various form factors and power capabilities. We have also developed multiple receiver prototypes, including smartphone battery cases, toys, fitness trackers, Bluetooth headsets and tracking devices, as well as stand-alone receivers. We are also in the pre-production stage leading to mass production with early adopters of the WattUp technology to bring the first contact-based transmitters and compatible receivers to market.

In November 2016, we entered into a Strategic Alliance Agreement with Dialog, pursuant to which Dialog will manufacture and distribute IC products incorporating our wire-free charging technology. Dialog is our exclusive supplier of these products for the general market. Our WattUp technology will use Dialog’s SmartBond^® Bluetooth low energy solution as the out-of-band communications channel between the wireless transmitter and receiver. In most cases, Dialog’s power management technology will then be used to distribute power from the WattUp receiver integrated circuit to the rest of the device while Dialog’s AC/DC Rapid Charge™ power conversion technology delivers power to the wireless transmitter.

On December 26, 2017, we announced Federal Communications Commission (FCC) certification of our first-generation WattUp Mid Field transmitter, which sends focused, RF-based power to devices at a distance of up to three feet, while also charging multiple devices at once. Our WattUp Mid Field transmitter underwent rigorous, multi-month testing to verify it met consumer safety and regulatory requirements. We believe this achievement represents the first certification of a Part 18 FCC approved power-at-a-distance wireless charging transmitter, and also establishes a precedent that will streamline both our future FCC and international regulatory approvals, as well as the regulatory approvals of our customers for their respective end-products.

We have recruited and hired a seasoned management team with both private and public company experience and relevant industry experience to develop and execute our operating plan. In addition, we have identified and hired key engineering resources in the areas of IC development, antenna development, hardware, software and firmware engineering as well as integration and testing which will allow us to continue to expand our technology and intellectual property as well as meet the support requirements of our licensees.

The market for products using our technology is nascent and unproven, so the Company’s success is sensitive to many factors, including technological feasibility, regulatory approval, customer acceptance, competition and global market fluctuations.

 

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Critical Accounting Estimates and Policies

The following discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations is based upon our financial statements, which have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Certain accounting policies and estimates are particularly important to the understanding of our financial position and results of operations and require the application of significant judgment by our management or can be materially affected by changes from period to period in economic factors or conditions that are outside of our control. As a result, they are subject to an inherent degree of uncertainty. In applying these policies, our management uses their judgment to determine the appropriate assumptions to be used in the determination of certain estimates. Those estimates are based on our historical operations, our future business plans and projected financial results, the terms of existing contracts, our observance of trends in the industry, information provided by our customers and information available from other outside sources, as appropriate. Please see Note 3 to our financial statements for a more complete description of our significant accounting policies.

Basis of Presentation. The accompanying audited financial statements and footnotes for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) and applicable rules and regulations of the SEC regarding financial information.

Revenue Recognition. We recognize revenue when the following criteria have been met: persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, services have been rendered, collection of the revenue is reasonably assured, and the fees are fixed or determinable.

We record revenue associated with product development projects that we enter into with certain customers. In general, these projects are associated with complex technology development, and as such we do not have certainty about our ability to achieve the program milestones. Achievement of the milestone is dependent on our performance and the milestone typically needs to be accepted by the customer. The payment associated with achieving the milestone is generally commensurate with our effort or the value of the deliverable and is nonrefundable. We record the expenses related to these projects, generally included in research and development expense, in the periods incurred.

We also receive nonrefundable payments, typically at the beginning of a customer relationship, for which there are no milestones. We recognize this revenue ratably over the initial engineering product development period. We record the expenses related to these projects, generally included in research and development expense, in the periods incurred.

During the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, we recorded revenue of $1,154,009, $1,451,941 and $2,500,000, respectively.

Research and Development. Research and development expenses are charged to operations as incurred. For internally developed patents, all patent application costs are expensed as incurred as research and development expense. Patent application costs, generally legal costs, are expensed as research and development costs until such time as the future economic benefits of such patents become more certain. The Company incurred research and development costs of $33,230,668, $32,832,677 and $18,825,041 for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively.

Income Taxes. The Company recognizes deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of items that have been included or excluded in the financial statements or tax returns. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined on the basis of the difference between the tax basis of assets and liabilities and their respective financial reporting amounts (“temporary differences”) at enacted tax rates in effect for the years in which the temporary differences are expected to reverse.

 

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For the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, the Company had $23,601,688, $31,848,990 and $15,464,406, respectively, of research and development expenses capitalized for federal income tax purposes, with amortization commencing upon the Company receiving an economic benefit from the related research. As of December 31, 2017, the Company had approximately $84,418,000 gross federal net operating loss carryovers (“NOLs”) and a federal tax credit carryover of approximately $2,686,000. As of December 31, 2017 and 2016, deferred tax assets consisted principally of net operating loss and tax credit carryovers, the research and development costs and stock-based compensation, and such deferred tax assets were fully reserved. Accordingly, the Company’s effective tax rate for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 was 0%.

Internal Revenue Code Section 382 imposes limitations on the use of net operating loss carryovers when the stock ownership of one or more 5% shareholders (shareholders owning 5% or more of the Company’s outstanding capital stock) has increased on a cumulative basis by more than 50 percentage points. Management cannot control the ownership changes occurring as a result of public trading of the Company’s Common Stock. Accordingly, there is a risk of an ownership change beyond the control of the Company that could trigger a limitation of the use of the loss carryover. The Company completed a Section 382 analysis as of December 31, 2017 and determined that none of its NOLs or R&D credits would be limited.

In assessing the realization of deferred tax assets, management considers whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will be realized. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the future generation of taxable income during the periods in which those temporary differences become deductible. Management considers the scheduled reversal of deferred tax liabilities, projected future taxable income, and taxing strategies in making this assessment. Based on this assessment, management has established a full valuation allowance against all of the net deferred tax assets for each period, since it is more likely than not that all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized.

Tax benefits are recognized only for tax positions that are more likely than not to be sustained upon examination by tax authorities. The amount recognized is measured as the largest amount of benefit that is greater than 50 percent likely to be realized upon settlement. A liability for “unrecognized tax benefits” is recorded for any tax benefits claimed in the Company’s tax returns that do not meet these recognition and measurement standards. As of December 31, 2017 and 2016, no liability for unrecognized tax benefits was required to be reported. The guidance also discusses the classification of related interest and penalties on income taxes. The Company’s policy is to record interest and penalties on uncertain tax positions as a component of income tax expense. No interest or penalties were recorded for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015.

Common Stock Purchase Warrants and Other Derivative Financial Instruments. The Company classifies as equity any contracts that (i) require physical settlement or net-share settlement or (ii) provides a choice of net-cash settlement or settlement in the Company’s own shares (physical settlement or net-share settlement) providing that such contracts are indexed to the Company’s own stock as defined in ASC 815-40 “Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity” (“ASC 815-40”). The Company classifies as assets or liabilities any contracts that (i) require net-cash settlement (including a requirement to net cash settle the contract if an event occurs and if that event is outside the Company’s control) or (ii) give the counterparty a choice of net-cash settlement or settlement in shares (physical settlement or net-share settlement). The Company assesses classification of common stock purchase warrants and other free standing derivatives at each reporting date to determine whether a change in classification between assets and liabilities or equity is required.

Results of Operations

For the Years Ended December 31, 2017 and 2016

Revenues. During the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, we recorded revenue of $1,154,009 and $1,451,941, respectively, upon the achievement of milestones under a development and licensing agreement. The

 

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decrease in revenue of $297,932 is due to the rescoping of project milestones, affecting the amount and timing of the achievement of these milestones.

Operating Expenses. Operating expenses consist of research and development, sales and marketing, and general and administrative expenses. Operating expenses for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 were $50,541,837 and $47,282,661, respectively.

Research and Development Expenses. Research and development expenses include costs for developing our technology, such as IC design costs, salaries, software and facility costs. Research and development costs for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 were $33,230,668 and $32,832,677, respectively. The $397,991 increase in research and development expenses is primarily due to a $5,939,073 increase in compensation, including a $4,296,494 increase in stock-based compensation and a $1,642,579 increase in payroll and related compensation expense, from a greater average headcount and the issuance of additional restricted stock unit (RSU) awards, and a $390,072 increase in depreciation due to a higher asset base in lab equipment and perpetual engineering software licenses, partially offset by a $3,966,298 decrease in chip development, manufacturing and engineering component costs due to more transmitter and receiver chip development work being done in house, a $973,467 decrease in term-based engineering software licenses and $931,834 decrease in consulting costs.

Sales and Marketing Expenses. Sales and marketing expenses for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 were $5,207,746 and $3,201,549, respectively. The $2,006,197 increase in sales and marketing expenses is primarily due to an increase of $1,753,758 in compensation, including a $969,398 increase in payroll and related expense and a $784,360 increase in stock-based compensation, due to a higher average headcount and the issuance of additional RSU grants and a $235,506 increase in tradeshow expenses.

General and Administrative Expenses. General and administrative expenses include costs for general and corporate functions, including facility fees, travel, telecommunications, insurance, professional fees, consulting fees and other overhead. General and administrative costs for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 were $12,103,423 and $11,248,435, respectively. The $854,988 increase in general and administrative expense is primarily due to a $1,180,146 increase in compensation, including a $1,213,790 increase in stock-based compensation and a $33,644 decrease in payroll costs, a $136,122 decrease in general office expenses, and a $117,692 decrease in consulting and third party service costs.

Loss from Operations. Loss from operations for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 was $49,387,828 and $45,830,720, respectively.

Interest Income. Interest income for the year ended December 31, 2017 was $11,679, compared to $13,326 for the year ended December 31, 2016.

Net Loss. As a result of the above, net loss for the year ended December 31, 2017 was $49,376,875, compared to $45,817,394 for the year ended December 31, 2016.

For the Years Ended December 31, 2016 and 2015

Revenues. During the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, we recorded revenue of $1,451,941 and $2,500,000, respectively, upon the achievement of milestones under a development and licensing agreement. The decrease in revenue of $1,048,059 is due to the rescoping of project milestones, affecting the amount and timing of the achievement of these milestones.

Operating Expenses. During 2016 and 2015, operating expenses are made up of research and development, sales and marketing, and general and administrative expenses. Operating expenses for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 were $47,282,661 and $30,077,339, respectively.

 

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Research and Development Expenses. Research and development expenses include costs for developing our technology, such as IC design costs, salaries, software and facility costs. Research and development costs for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 were $32,832,677 and $18,825,041, respectively. The increase in research and development costs of $14,007,636 is primarily due to a $4,640,880 increase in compensation (including an increase in stock-based compensation of $1,409,597) from a larger headcount within the department, a $4,483,417 increase in chip design, development and manufacturing costs for our receiver and transmitter chips, a $1,564,187 increase in patent legal costs related to the management of our patent portfolio, an $883,272 increase in software expense due to incurring a full year of the hosted design solution package and an increase in various engineering software licenses needed to support a larger staff and an $819,503 increase in consulting fees to assist in our quality assurance, design and regulatory efforts.

Sales and Marketing Expenses. Sales and marketing expenses for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 were $3,201,549 and $3,221,303, respectively. The decrease in sales and marketing costs of $19,754 is primarily due to minor decreases in consulting and travel, partially offset by minor increases in compensation, recruiting and tradeshow expenses.

General and Administrative Expenses. General and administrative expenses include costs for general and corporate functions, including facility fees, travel, telecommunications, insurance, professional fees, consulting fees and other overhead. General and administrative costs for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 were $11,248,435 and $8,030,995, respectively. The increase in general and administrative expense of $3,217,440 is primarily due to a $2,966,474 increase in compensation, including stock-based compensation increase of $2,547,733, from increased headcount within the department and newly executed executive stock award agreements, a $305,390 increase in telecommunications and miscellaneous office expenses to support a larger company headcount, a $232,667 increase in legal, accounting and insurance fees, partially offset by a $163,341 decrease in consulting and outside service fees.

Loss from Operations. Loss from operations for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 was $45,830,720 and $27,577,339, respectively.

Interest Income. Interest income for the year ended December 31, 2016 was $13,326 as compared to $15,637 for the year ended December 31, 2015.

Net Loss. As a result of the above, net loss for the year ended December 31, 2016 was $45,817,394 as compared to $27,561,702 for the year ended December 31, 2015.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

During years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, we recorded revenue of $1,154,009 and $1,451,941, respectively. We incurred a net loss of $49,376,875 and $45,817,394 for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Net cash used in operating activities was $34,430,298 and $33,062,247 for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Since inception, we have met our liquidity requirements principally through the private placement of convertible notes, the sale of our common stock in a registered initial public offering, the sale of our common stock to a strategic investor, the issuance of our common stock to the Company’s landlord to reduce its monthly base rent obligation and pay for certain tenant improvements, the sale of common stock in two follow-on public offerings, sales of stock to investors in private placements, and revenue received under product development projects entered into with customers.

As of December 31, 2017, we had cash and cash equivalents of $12,795,254. Also, as noted in the subsequent event section of our 2017 audited financial statements, during January 2018, we raised $38,999,989 (net of underwriters’ discount of $1,000,000) from the sale of stock to the public in an “at-the-market” equity offering of our common stock.

 

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We believe our current cash on hand, together with anticipated payments under product development projects entered into with customers, will be sufficient to fund our operations into the second quarter of 2019. However, depending on how soon we are able to achieve meaningful commercial revenues, we may require additional financing to fully implement our business plan, the ultimate goal of which is to license our technology to device manufacturers, wireless service providers and other commercial partners to make wire-free charging an affordable, ubiquitous and convenient service for end users. Potential financing sources could include follow-on equity offerings, debt financing, co-development agreements or other alternatives. Depending upon market conditions, we may choose to pursue additional financing to, among other reasons, accelerate our product development efforts, regulatory activities and business development and support functions with a view to capitalizing on the market opportunity we see for our wire-free charging technology. On April 24, 2015, we filed a “shelf” registration statement on Form S-3, which became effective on April 30, 2015. The “shelf” registration statement allows the Company from time to time to sell any combination of debt or equity securities described in the registration statement up to aggregate proceeds of $75,000,000, of which approximately $60,700,000 has already been sold.

During the year ended December 31, 2017, cash flows used in operating activities were $34,430,298, consisting of a net loss of $49,376,875, less non-cash expenses aggregating $17,194,309 (representing principally stock-based compensation of $15,802,819 and depreciation expense of $1,309,980), a $2,683,073 decrease in accounts payable, partially offset by a $348,275 decrease in prepaid expenses and other current assets and a $149,500 decrease in accounts receivable. During the year ended December 31, 2016, cash flows used in operating activities were $33,062,247, consisting of a net loss of $45,817,394, less non-cash expenses aggregating $10,546,795 (representing principally stock-based compensation of $9,508,175 and depreciation expense of $957,836), a $2,382,790 increase in accounts payable, a $492,616 increase in accrued expenses, partially offset by a $652,336 increase in prepaid expenses and other current assets.

During the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, cash flows used in investing activities were $814,648 and $1,137,446, respectively. The cash used for year ended December 31, 2017 consisted of purchases of laboratory equipment and software to help with chip development and testing. The cash used for the year ended December 31, 2016 consisted of purchases of laboratory and software to accommodate a larger engineering staff and to help with chip development and testing.

During the year ended December 31, 2017, cash flows provided by financing activities were $16,781,563, which consisted of net proceeds of $14,932,547 from the issuance of shares to private investors, proceeds from the exercise of stock options of $979,950 and proceeds from contributions to the employee stock purchase program (“ESPP”) of $869,066. During the year ended December 31, 2016, cash flows provided by financing activities were $35,585,766, which primarily consisted of net proceeds of $34,788,311 from the issuance of shares to private investors, proceeds from contributions to the employee stock purchase program (“ESPP”) of $727,784, proceeds from the exercise of stock options of $382,351, offset by a total of $312,680 in shares repurchased for tax withholdings on vesting of RSUs and PSUs.

Research and development of new technologies is, by its nature, unpredictable. Although we intend to undertake development efforts with commercially reasonable diligence, there can be no assurance that our available resources including the net proceeds from our public offerings will be sufficient to enable us to develop our technology to the extent needed to create future revenues to sustain our operations.

We cannot assure that our technology will be adopted, that we will ever earn revenues sufficient to support our operations, or that we will ever be profitable. Furthermore, since we have no committed source of financing, there can be no assurance that we will be able to raise capital as and when we need it to continue our operations.

Contractual Obligations

In the ordinary course of business, we routinely enter into purchase commitments for various aspects of our operations, such as purchases of engineering supplies, lab equipment, chip design engineering, engineering

 

31

consulting services and software licenses. We do not believe these commitments will have a material effect on our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

The following table summarizes our contractual obligations at December 31, 2017 and the effect such obligations are expected to have on our liquidity and cash flows in future periods:

 

		Total				Less than 1 Year				1 to 3 Years				More than 3 Years
Operating leases		$	1,097,787			$	640,202			$	457,585			$	—
Engineering software commitment			198,105				198,105				—				—
Total		$	1,295,892			$	838,307			$	457,585			$	—

Off-Balance Sheet Transactions

We do not have any off-balance sheet transactions.

Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.

In the ordinary course of business, we may be exposed to certain market risks, such as interest rates. The annual impact of our results of operations of a 100 basis point interest rate change on December 31, 2017 would be minimal. After an assessment of these risks to our operations, we believe that the primary market risk exposures (within the meaning of Regulation S-K Item 305) are not material and are not expected to have any material adverse impact on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows for the next fiscal year.

 

 

32

Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.

Energous Corporation

INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 

		Page(s)
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm			34
Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2017 and 2016			35
Statements of Operations for the years ended December  31, 2017, 2016 and 2015			36
Statement of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015			37
Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December  31, 2017, 2016 and 2015			38
Notes to Financial Statements			39

 

33

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the Shareholders and Board of Directors

of Energous Corporation

Opinion on the Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying balance sheets of Energous Corporation (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, the related statements of operations, changes in stockholders’ equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2017, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2017, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

Basis for Opinion

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.

Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2013.

/S/ Marcum LLP

Marcum LLP

Melville, NY

March 16, 2018

 

34

Energous Corporation

BALANCE SHEETS

 

		As of
		December 31, 2017				December 31, 2016
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents		$	12,795,254			$	31,258,637
Accounts receivable			—				149,500
Prepaid expenses and other current assets			1,026,310				1,374,585
Prepaid rent, current			80,784				80,784
Total current assets			13,902,348				32,863,506
Property and equipment, net			1,413,917				2,209,475
Prepaid rent, non-current			56,668				137,452
Other assets			32,512				48,507
Total assets		$	15,405,445			$	35,258,940
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable		$	2,024,690			$	4,707,763
Accrued expenses			1,622,025				1,867,995
Deferred revenue			—				131,959
Total current liabilities			3,646,715				6,707,717
Commitments and contingencies
Stockholders’ equity:
Preferred Stock, $0.00001 par value, 10,000,000 shares authorized at December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016; no shares issued or outstanding			—				—
Common Stock, $0.00001 par value, 50,000,000 shares authorized at December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016; 22,584,588 and 20,367,929 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively.			225				202
Additional paid-in capital			185,659,954				153,075,595
Accumulated deficit			(173,901,449	)			(124,524,574	)
Total stockholders’ equity			11,758,730				28,551,223
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity		$	15,405,445			$	35,258,940

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

 

35

Energous Corporation

STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

 

		For the Year Ended December 31,
		2017				2016				2015
Revenue		$	1,154,009			$	1,451,941			$	2,500,000
Operating expenses:
Research and development			33,230,668				32,832,677				18,825,041
Sales and marketing			5,207,746				3,201,549				3,221,303
General and administrative			12,103,423				11,248,435				8,030,995
Total operating expenses			50,541,837				47,282,661				30,077,339
Loss from operations			(49,387,828	)			(45,830,720	)			(27,577,339	)
Other income (expense):
Interest income, net			11,679				13,326				15,637
Loss on sale of property and equipment			(726	)			—				—
Total			10,953				13,326				15,637
Net loss		$	(49,376,875	)		$	(45,817,394	)		$	(27,561,702	)
Basic and diluted loss per common share		$	(2.31	)		$	(2.60	)		$	(2.07	)
Weighted average shares outstanding, basic and diluted			21,343,001				17,649,013				13,303,715

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

 

36

Energous Corporation

STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

 

		Common Stock								Additional Paid-in Capital				Accumulated Deficit				Total Stockholders’ Equity
		Shares				Amount
Balance, January 1, 2015			12,781,502			$	127			$	82,465,914			$	(51,145,478	)		$	31,320,563
Issuance of shares for services			15,000				—				147,900				—				147,900
Stock-based compensation - stock options			—				—				1,037,399				—				1,037,399
Stock-based compensation - IR warrants			—				—				85,831				—				85,831
Stock-based compensation - restricted stock units (“RSUs”)			—				—				4,225,728				—				4,225,728
Stock-based compensation - employee stock purchase plan (“ESPP”)			—				—				113,217				—				113,217
Stock-based compensation - performance share units (“PSUs”)			—				—				489,239				—				489,239
Issuance of shares for RSUs			304,340				3				(3	)			—				—
Issuance of shares for PSUs			1,072				—				—				—				—
Exercise of stock options			21,786				—				65,647				—				65,647
Disgorgement on account of short swing profit			—				—				12,611				—				12,611
Cashless exercise of warrants			128,480				1				(1	)			—				—
Shares purchased from contributions to the ESPP			46,023				—				289,787				—				289,787
Secondary offering on November 20, 2015, net of underwriter’s discount and offering costs of $1,651,578			3,000,005				30				19,048,426				—				19,048,456
Net loss			—				—				—				(27,561,702	)			(27,561,702	)
Balance, December 31, 2015			16,298,208			$	161			$	107,981,695			$	(78,707,180	)		$	29,274,676
Stock-based compensation - stock options			—				—				1,045,081				—				1,045,081
Stock-based compensation - restricted stock units (“RSUs”)			—				—				5,735,032				—				5,735,032
Stock based compensation - deferred stock units (“DSUs”)			—				—				123,644				—				123,644
Stock-based compensation - employee stock purchase plan (“ESPP”)			—				—				318,735				—				318,735
Stock-based compensation - performance share units (“PSUs”)			—				—				2,285,683				—				2,285,683
Issuance of shares for RSUs			519,200				5				(5	)			—				—
Shares repurchased for tax withholdings on vesting of RSUs			(20,669	)			—				(266,217	)			—				(266,217	)
Issuance of shares for PSUs			209,673				2				(2	)			—				—
Shares repurchased for tax withholdings on vesting of PSUs			(3,607	)			—				(46,463	)			—				(46,463	)
Exercise of stock options			130,354				1				382,350				—				382,351
Cashless exercise of warrants			475,683				5				(5	)			—				—
Shares purchased from contributions to the ESPP			85,356				1				727,783				—				727,784
Issuance of shares and warrants in private placements, net of issuance costs of $211,676			2,673,731				27				34,788,284				—				34,788,311
Net loss			—				—				—				(45,817,394	)			(45,817,394	)
Balance, December 31, 2016			20,367,929			$	202			$	153,075,595			$	(124,524,574	)		$	28,551,223
Stock-based compensation - stock options			—				—				764,723				—				764,723
Stock-based compensation - restricted stock units (“RSUs”)			—				—				13,043,171				—				13,043,171
Stock based compensation - deferred stock units (“DSUs”)			—				—				1,362				—				1,362
Stock-based compensation - employee stock purchase plan (“ESPP”)			—				—				331,913				—				331,913
Stock-based compensation - performance share units (“PSUs”)			—				—				1,661,650				—				1,661,650
Issuance of shares for RSUs			781,051				8				(8	)			—				—
Issuance of shares for DSUs			14,953				—				—				—				—
Issuance of shares for PSUs			90,000				1				(1	)			—				—
Exercise of stock options			272,205				3				979,947				—				979,950
Cashless exercise of warrants			19,611				—				—				—				—
Shares purchased from contributions to the ESPP			62,700				1				869,065				—				869,066
Issuance of shares and warrants in private placements, net of issuance costs of $67,388			976,139				10				14,932,537				—				14,932,547
Net loss			—				—				—				(49,376,875	)			(49,376,875	)
Balance, December 31, 2017			22,584,588			$	225			$	185,659,954			$	(173,901,449	)		$	11,758,730

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

 

37

Energous Corporation

STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

 

		For the Year Ended December 31,
		2017				2016				2015
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net loss		$	(49,376,875	)		$	(45,817,394	)		$	(27,561,702	)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to:
Net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization			1,309,980				957,836				817,729
Stock based compensation			15,802,819				9,508,175				5,951,414
Loss on sale of property and equipment			726				—				—
Amortization of prepaid rent from stock issuance to landlord			80,784				80,784				80,784
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable			149,500				(149,500	)			—
Prepaid expenses and other current assets			348,275				(652,336	)			(157,769	)
Other assets			15,995				2,823				(28,682	)
Accounts payable			(2,683,073	)			2,382,790				608,962
Accrued expenses			53,530				492,616				283,530
Deferred revenue			(131,959	)			131,959				—
Net cash used in operating activities			(34,430,298	)			(33,062,247	)			(20,005,734	)
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchases of property and equipment			(817,448	)			(1,137,446	)			(1,032,795	)
Proceeds from the sale of property and equipment			2,800				—				—
Net cash used in investing activities			(814,648	)			(1,137,446	)			(1,032,795	)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from shares issued under shelf registration, net of underwriter’s discount and offering expenses			—				—				19,048,456
Net proceeds from issuance of shares to private investors			14,932,547				34,788,311				—
Proceeds from the exercise of stock options			979,950				382,351				65,647
Proceeds from contributions to employee stock purchase plan			869,066				727,784				289,787
Shares repurchased for tax withholdings on vesting of RSUs			—				(266,217	)			—
Shares repurchased for tax withholdings on vesting of PSUs			—				(46,463	)			—
Proceeds from the disgorgement of short-swing profit			—				—				12,611
Net cash provided by financing activities			16,781,563				35,585,766				19,416,501
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents			(18,463,383	)			1,386,073				(1,622,028	)
Cash and cash equivalents - beginning			31,258,637				29,872,564				31,494,592
Cash and cash equivalents - ending		$	12,795,254			$	31,258,637			$	29,872,564
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash financing activities:
Common stock issued for services		$	—			$	—			$	147,900
Common stock issued for RSUs		$	8			$	6			$	3
Common stock issued for PSUs		$	1			$	2			$	—
Cashless exercise of warrants		$	—			$	5			$	1
Increase in accrued expenses for the purchase of property and equipment		$	—			$	299,500			$	—

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

 

38

ENERGOUS CORPORATION

Notes to Financial Statements

Note 1 – Business Organization, Nature of Operations

Energous Corporation (the “Company”) was incorporated in Delaware on October 30, 2012. The Company has developed a technology called WattUp^® that consists of proprietary semiconductor chipsets, software, hardware designs and antennas that enables RF-based wire-free charging for electronic devices, providing power at a distance and ultimately enabling charging with mobility under software control. Pursuant to a Strategic Alliance Agreement with Dialog, a related party (see Note 10—Related Party Transactions), Dialog manufactures and distributes IC products incorporating the Company’s RF-based wire-free charging technology. Dialog will be the exclusive supplier of these ICs for the general market. The Company believes our proprietary technology can be utilized in a variety of devices, including wearables, Internet of Things (“IoT”) devices, smartphones, tablets, e-book readers, keyboards, mice, remote controls, rechargeable lights, cylindrical batteries and any other device with similar charging requirements that would otherwise need a battery or a connection to a power outlet.

The Company is using its WattUp technology to develop solutions that charge electronic devices by surrounding them with a contained 3D RF energy pocket. The Company is engineering solutions that are expected to enable the wire-free transmission of energy from multiple WattUp transmitters to multiple WattUp receiving devices within a range of up to 15 feet in radius or in a circular charging envelope of up to 30 feet. The Company is also developing a transmitter technology to seamlessly mesh, like a network of Wi-Fi routers, to form a wire-free charging network that will allow users to charge their devices as they move from room-to-room or throughout a large space. To date, the Company has developed multiple transmitter prototypes in various form factors and power capabilities. The Company has also developed multiple receiver prototypes supporting smartphone battery cases, toys, fitness trackers, Bluetooth headsets and tracking devices, as well as stand-alone receivers.

The market for products using the Company’s technology is nascent and unproven, so the Company’s success is sensitive to many factors, including technological feasibility, regulatory approval, customer acceptance, competition and global market fluctuations.

Note 2 – Liquidity and Management Plans

During the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company has recorded revenue of $1,154,009. The Company incurred a net loss of $49,376,875, $45,817,394 and $27,561,702 for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively. Net cash used in operating activities was $34,430,298, $33,062,247 and $20,005,734 for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively. The Company is currently meeting its liquidity requirements principally through sales of shares to three different private investors during August 2016, November 2016, December 2016 and July 2017, raising net proceeds of $49,720,858, and payments received under product development projects.

As of December 31, 2017, the Company had cash on hand of $12,795,254. The Company expects that cash on hand as of December 31, 2017, together with anticipated payments to be received under current product development projects and anticipated royalties from chip revenue, together with potential new financing activities including potential sales of stock, will be sufficient to fund the Company’s operations into the first quarter of 2019. As noted in Note 12—Subsequent Events, the Company raised $38,999,989 (net of underwriters’ discount of $1,000,000) from the sales of stock in January 2018.

Research and development of new technologies is, by its nature, unpredictable. Although the Company intends to undertake development efforts with commercially reasonable diligence, there can be no assurance that its available resources will be sufficient to enable it to develop and obtain regulatory approval of its technology

 

39

ENERGOUS CORPORATION

Notes to Financial Statements

Note 2 – Liquidity and Management Plans, continued

 

to the extent needed to create future revenues sufficient to sustain its operations. The Company expects to pursue additional financing, which could include follow-on equity offerings, debt financing, co-development agreements or other alternatives, depending upon market conditions. Should the Company choose to pursue additional financing, there is no assurance that it would be able to do so on terms that are favorable to the Company or its stockholders.

Note 3 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying financial statements are presented in U.S. dollars and have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”), and pursuant to the accounting and disclosure rules and regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”).

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent liabilities at the date of the financial statements as well as the reported expenses during the reporting periods.

The Company’s significant estimates and assumptions include the valuation of stock-based compensation instruments, recognition of revenue, the useful lives of long-lived assets, and income tax expense. Some of these judgments can be subjective and complex, and, consequently, actual results may differ from these estimates. Although the Company believes that its estimates and assumptions are reasonable, they are based upon information available at the time the estimates and assumptions were made. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company considers all short-term, highly liquid investments with an original maturity at the date of purchase of three months or less to be cash equivalents. The Company maintains cash balances that may be uninsured or in deposit accounts that exceed Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation limits. The Company maintains its cash deposits with major financial institutions.

Revenue Recognition

The Company recognizes revenue when all of the following criteria have been met: persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, services have been rendered, collection of the revenue is reasonably assured, and the fees are fixed or determinable.

The Company records revenue associated with product development projects that it enters into with certain customers. In general, these projects are associated with complex technology development, and as such the Company does not have certainty about its ability to achieve the program milestones. Achievement of the milestone is dependent on our performance and the milestone typically needs to be accepted by the customer. The payment associated with achieving the milestone is generally commensurate with the Company’s effort or the value of the deliverable and is nonrefundable. The Company records the expenses related to these projects, generally included in research and development expense, in the periods incurred.

 

40

ENERGOUS CORPORATION

Notes to Financial Statements

Note 3 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, continued

Revenue Recognition, continued

 

The Company also receives nonrefundable payments, typically at the beginning of a customer relationship, for which there are no milestones. The Company recognizes this revenue ratably over the initial engineering product development period. The Company records the expenses related to these projects, generally included in research and development expense, in the periods incurred.

Research and Development

Research and development expenses are charged to operations as incurred. For internally developed patents, all patent application costs are expensed as incurred as research and development expense. Patent application costs, generally legal costs, are expensed as research and development costs until such time as the future economic benefits of such patents become more certain. The Company incurred research and development costs of $33,230,668, $32,832,677 and $18,825,041 for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively.

Stock-Based Compensation

The Company accounts for equity instruments issued to employees in accordance with accounting guidance that requires awards to be recorded at their fair value on the date of grant and are amortized over the vesting period of the award. The Company recognizes compensation costs on a straight line basis over the requisite service period of the award, which is typically the vesting term of the equity instrument issued.

On April 10, 2015, the Company’s board of directors approved the Energous Corporation Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “ESPP”), under which 600,000 shares of common stock were reserved for purchase by the Company’s employees, subject to approval by the stockholders. On May 21, 2015, the Company’s stockholders approved the ESPP. Under the plan, employees may purchase a limited number of shares of the Company’s common stock at a 15% discount from the lower of the closing market prices measured on the first and last days of each half-year period. The Company recognizes compensation expense for the fair value of the purchase options, as measured on the grant date.

Income Taxes

Tax benefits are recognized only for tax positions that are more likely than not to be sustained upon examination by tax authorities. The amount recognized is measured as the largest amount of benefit that is greater than 50 percent likely to be realized upon settlement. A liability for “unrecognized tax benefits” is recorded for any tax benefits claimed in the Company’s tax returns that do not meet these recognition and measurement standards. As of December 31, 2017, no liability for unrecognized tax benefits was required to be reported. The guidance also discusses the classification of related interest and penalties on income taxes. The Company’s policy is to record interest and penalties on uncertain tax positions as a component of income tax expense. No interest or penalties were recorded during the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015. The Company files income tax returns with the United States and California governments.

Net Loss Per Common Share

Basic net loss per share is computed by dividing net loss available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share is computed using the weighted average number of common shares and, if dilutive, potential common shares

 

41

ENERGOUS CORPORATION

Notes to Financial Statements

Note 3 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, continued

Net Loss Per Common Share, continued

 

outstanding during the period. Potential common shares consist of the incremental common shares issuable upon the exercise of stock options and warrants (using the treasury stock method), the vesting of restricted stock units (“RSUs”) and performance stock units (“PSUs”) and the enrollment of employees in the ESPP. The computation of diluted loss per share excludes potentially dilutive securities of 7,324,400, 6,975,651 and 4,994,425 for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively, because their inclusion would be antidilutive.

Potentially dilutive securities outlined in the table below have been excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share because the effect of their inclusion would have been anti-dilutive.

 

		For the Years Ended December 31,
		2017				2016				2015
Consulting Warrant to purchase common stock			—				—				146,252
Financing Warrant to purchase common stock			13,889				13,889				152,778
IPO Warrants to purchase common stock			11,600				11,600				460,000
IR Consulting Warrant			—				23,250				36,000
IR Incentive Warrant			—				15,000				15,000
Warrants issued to private investors			3,035,688				2,381,675				—
Options to purchase common stock			1,037,239				1,309,444				1,487,785
RSUs			2,274,327				2,052,223				1,560,996
PSUs			951,657				1,153,617				1,135,614
DSUs			—				14,953				—
Total potentially dilutive securities			7,324,400				6,975,651				4,994,425

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” (Topic 606) (“ASU 2014-09”), which supersedes the revenue recognition requirements in ASU Topic 605, “Revenue Recognition,” and most industry-specific guidance. ASU 2014-09 is based on the principle that revenue is recognized to depict the transfer of goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. ASU 2014-09 also requires additional disclosure about the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from customer contracts, including significant judgments and changes in judgments, and assets recognized from costs incurred to obtain or fulfill a contract. Originally, ASU 2014-09 would be effective for the Company starting January 1, 2017 using either of two methods: (i) retrospective to each prior reporting period presented with the option to elect certain practical expedients as defined within ASU 2014-09; or (ii) retrospective with the cumulative effect of initially applying ASU 2014-09 recognized at the date of initial application and providing certain additional disclosures as defined per ASU 2014-09. In July 2015, FASB voted to amend ASU 2014-09 by approving a one-year deferral of the effective date as well as providing the option to early adopt the standard on the original effective date. There have also been multiple clarifying ASU’s issued subsequent to ASU 2014-09. This standard has an effective date of January 1, 2018, and the Company anticipates using the modified retrospective implementation method, whereby a cumulative effect adjustment is recorded to retained earnings as of the date of initial application, if needed. In preparing for adoption, the Company has evaluated the terms, conditions and performance obligations under our existing contracts with customers. The Company does not expect to have a cumulative adjustment to retained earnings, and does not anticipate that the new standard will have a material impact on its financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

 

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Notes to Financial Statements

Note 3 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, continued

Recent Accounting Pronouncements, continued

 

In August 2014, FASB issued ASU No. 2014-15, Presentation of Financial Statements—Going Concern (Subtopic 205-40): Disclosure of Uncertainties about an Entity’s Ability to Continue as a Going Concern. This standard is intended to define management’s responsibility to evaluate whether there is substantial doubt about an organization’s ability to continue as a going concern and to provide related footnote disclosures. Under US GAAP, financial statements are prepared under the presumption that the reporting organization will continue to operate as a going concern, except in limited circumstances. Financial reporting under this presumption is commonly referred to as the going concern basis of accounting. The going concern basis of accounting is critical to financial reporting because it establishes the fundamental basis for measuring and classifying assets and liabilities. Currently, US GAAP lacks guidance about management’s responsibility to evaluate whether there is substantial doubt about the organization’s ability to continue as a going concern or to provide related footnote disclosures. This ASU provides guidance to an organization’s management, with principles and definitions that are intended to reduce diversity in the timing and content of disclosures that are commonly provided by organizations today in the financial statement footnotes. The amendments are effective for annual periods ending after December 15, 2016, and interim periods within annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016. The Company adopted ASU 2014-15 and management has made the appropriate evaluations and disclosures in Note 2 - Liquidity and Management Plans.

In April 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-03, “Simplifying the Presentation of Debt Issuance Costs.” This standard amends existing guidance to require the presentation of debt issuance costs in the balance sheet as a deduction from the carrying amount of the related debt liability instead of a deferred charge. It is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2015. The Company has adopted ASU 2015-03, and the adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the Company’s financial position and results of operations.

In August 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-15, “Presentation and Subsequent Measurement of Debt Issuance Costs Associated with Line-of-Credit Arrangements”—Amendments to SEC Paragraphs Pursuant to Staff Announcement at June 18, 2015, which clarified the SEC staff’s position on presenting and measuring debt issuance costs incurred in connection with line-of-credit arrangements. ASU 2015-15 should be adopted concurrently with the adoption of ASU 2015-03. The Company has adopted ASU 2015-15, and the adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the Company’s financial position and results of operations.

In November 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-17, “Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Taxes” (“ASU 2015-17”). The standard requires that deferred tax assets and liabilities be classified as noncurrent in a classified statement of financial position. ASU 2015-17 is effective for fiscal years and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2016. Early adoption is permitted. ASU 2015-17 may be applied either prospectively, for all deferred tax assets and liabilities, or retrospectively. The Company has early adopted ASU 2015-17 effective December 31, 2015, retrospectively. The adoption of this standard had no impact on the results of operations.

In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-01, “Financial Instruments—Overall (Subtopic 825-10): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities” (“ASU 2016-01”). The standard addresses certain aspects of recognition, measurement, presentation, and disclosure of financial instruments. ASU 2016-01 is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2017. The Company is currently evaluating the impact the adoption of this new standard will have on its financial statements.

 

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Notes to Financial Statements

Note 3 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, continued

Recent Accounting Pronouncements, continued

 

In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842)” (“ASU 2016-02”). This standard requires that a lessee recognize the assets and liabilities that arise from operating leases. A lessee should recognize in the statement of financial position a liability to make lease payments (the lease liability) and a right-of-use asset representing its right to use the underlying asset for the lease term. For leases with a term of 12 months or less, a lessee is permitted to make an accounting policy election by class of underlying asset not to recognize lease assets and lease liabilities. In transition, lessees and lessors are required to recognize and measure leases at the beginning of the earliest period presented using a modified retrospective approach. ASU 2016-02 is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2018. The Company is currently evaluating the impact the adoption of this new standard will have on its financial statements.

In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-09, “Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718) - Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting.” ASU No. 2016-09 includes provisions to simplify certain aspects related to the accounting for share-based awards and the related financial statement presentation. This ASU includes a requirement that the tax effect related to the settlement of share-based awards be recorded in income tax benefit or expense in the statements of earnings. This change is required to be adopted prospectively in the period of adoption. In addition, the ASU modifies the classification of certain share-based payment activities within the statements of cash flows and these changes are required to be applied retrospectively to all periods presented, or in certain cases prospectively, beginning in the period of adoption. ASU No. 2016-09 is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016, including interim periods within that reporting period. The Company adopted ASU 2016-09 effective January 1, 2017. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the results of operations.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, “Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326) - Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments.” ASU No. 2016-13 provides financial statement reader more decision-useful information about the expected credit losses on financial instruments and other commitments to extend credit held by a reporting entity at each reporting date. It is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019. The Company will evaluate the effects, if any, that adoption of this guidance will have on its financial statements.

In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-15, “Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230) - Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments.” ASU No. 2016-15 addresses eight specific cash flow issues with the objective of reducing the existing diversity in practice. It is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017. The Company is currently evaluating the impact this standard will have on its financial statements.

In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-18, “Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230)—Restricted Cash.” ASU No. 2016-18 requires an entity to include amounts described as restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning-of-period and end-of-period total amounts shown on the statement of cash flows. It is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018. The adoption of this standard is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s financial position and results of operations.

In December 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-20, “Technical Corrections and Improvements to Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers.” ASU No. 2016-20 amends certain aspects of ASU No. 2014-09

 

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Notes to Financial Statements

Note 3 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, continued

Recent Accounting Pronouncements, continued

 

and clarifies, rather than changes, the core revenue recognition principles in ASU No. 2014-09. It is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018. The adoption of this standard is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s financial position and results of operations.

In May 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-09, “Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic 718) – Scope of Modification Accounting.” ASU No. 2017-09 provides clarity and reduces complexity when applying the guidance in Topic 718 for changes in terms or conditions of share-based payment awards. It is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017. The Company is currently evaluating the impact the adoption of this new standard will have on its financial statements.

In July 2017, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued a two-part Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2017-11, I. Accounting for Certain Financial Instruments With Down Round Features and II. Replacement of the Indefinite Deferral for Mandatorily Redeemable Financial Instruments of Certain Nonpublic Entities and Certain Mandatorily Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests With a Scope Exception (“ASU 2017-11”). ASU 2017-11 amends guidance in FASB ASC 260, Earnings Per Share, FASB ASC 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity, and FASB ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging. The amendments in Part I of ASU 2017-11 change the classification analysis of certain equity-linked financial instruments (or embedded features) with down round features. The amendments in Part II of ASU 2017-11 re-characterize the indefinite deferral of certain provisions of Topic 480 that now are presented as pending content in the Codification, to a scope exception. Those amendments do not have an accounting effect. ASU 2017-11 is effective for public business entities for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2018. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact the adoption of this new standard will have on its financial statements.

Management’s Evaluation of Subsequent Events

The Company evaluates events that have occurred after the balance sheet date of December 31, 2017, through the date which the financial statements are issued. Based upon the review, other than the event disclosed in Note 12 – Subsequent Events, the Company did not identify any subsequent events that would have required adjustment or disclosure in the financial statements.

Note 4 – Property and Equipment

Property and equipment are as follows:

 

		As of December 31,
		2017				2016
Computer software		$	1,418,457			$	1,085,258
Computer hardware			2,289,687				2,109,983
Furniture and fixtures			529,287				533,175
Leasehold improvements			613,111				613,111
			4,850,542				4,341,527
Less – accumulated depreciation			(3,436,625	)			(2,132,052	)
Total property and equipment, net		$	1,413,917			$	2,209,475

 

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ENERGOUS CORPORATION

Notes to Financial Statements

Note 4 – Property and Equipment, continued

 

The Company currently uses the following expected life terms for depreciating property and equipment: computer software – 1-2 years, computer hardware – 3 years, furniture and fixtures – 7 years, leasehold improvements – remaining life of the lease.

Total depreciation and amortization expense of the Company’s property and equipment was $1,309,980, $957,836 and $817,729 for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively.

Note 5 – Accrued Expenses

Accrued expenses consist of the following:

 

		As of December 31,
		2017				2016
Accrued compensation		$	948,935			$	997,908
Accrued legal expenses			445,684				283,160
Accrued equipment cost			—				299,500
Other accrued expenses			227,406				287,427
Total		$	1,622,025			$	1,867,995

Note 6 – Commitments and Contingencies

Operating Leases

On September 10, 2014, the Company entered into a Lease Agreement with Balzer Family Investments, L.P. (the “Landlord”) related to space located at Northpointe Business Center, 3590 North First Street, San Jose, California. The initial term of the lease is 60 months, with initial monthly base rent of $36,720 and the lease is subject to certain annual escalations as defined in the agreement. On October 1, 2014, the Company relocated its headquarters to this new location. The Company issued to the Landlord 41,563 shares of the Company’s common stock valued at $500,000, of which $400,000 will be applied to reduce the Company’s monthly base rent obligation by $6,732 per month and of which $100,000 was for certain tenant improvements. The Company recorded $400,000 as prepaid rent on its balance sheet, which is being amortized over the term of the lease and recorded $100,000 as leasehold improvements.

On February 26, 2015, the Company entered into a sub-lease agreement for additional space in the San Jose, California area. The agreement has a term which expires on June 30, 2019 and a current monthly rent of $6,493 per month. On August 25, 2015, the Company entered into an additional amended sub-lease agreement for additional space in San Jose, California. The agreement has a term which expires on June 30, 2019 and a current monthly rent of $4,458 per month. These leases are subject to certain annual escalations as defined in the agreements.

On July 9, 2015, the Company entered into a sub-lease agreement for additional space in Costa Mesa, California. The agreement has a term which expired on September 30, 2017 and a monthly rent of $6,376 per month. On May 31, 2017, the Company entered into a lease agreement for the same space in Costa Mesa, California. The agreement has a term that expires on September 30, 2019 with initial monthly rent of $9,040 and is subject to certain annual escalations as defined in the agreement.

 

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ENERGOUS CORPORATION

Notes to Financial Statements

Note 6 – Commitments and Contingencies, continued

Operating Leases, continued

 

The future minimum lease payments for leased locations are as follows:

 

For the Years Ended December 31,		Amount
2018		$	640,202
2019			457,585
Total		$	1,097,787

Development and Licensing Agreements

In 2015, the Company signed a development and licensing agreement with a consumer electronics company to embed WattUp wire-free charging receiver technology in various products including, but not limited to, certain mobile consumer electronics and related accessories. On March 31, 2016, the Company received payment of $500,000 pursuant to the February 15, 2016 commencement of the second phase described in the third amendment of this agreement, of which the Company recorded $108,959 and $391,041 in revenue during the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. During the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, the Company also recognized milestone revenue of $1,000,000 for both years related to this agreement.

In 2016, the Company entered into a development and license agreement with a commercial and industrial supply company, under which the Company developed wire-free charging solutions. The Company recognized $44,550 and $59,400 of revenue from this agreement during the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

For the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, the customers from the development and license agreement accounted for approximately 100% of the Company’s revenue. As of December 31, 2017, the Company did not have an accounts receivable balance. As of December 31, 2016, the customers from these two agreements accounted for 100% of the accounts receivable balance.

Hosted Design Solution Agreement

On June 25, 2015, the Company entered into a three-year agreement to license electronic design automation software in a hosted environment. Pursuant to the agreement, under which services began July 13, 2015, the Company is required to remit quarterly payments in the amount of $100,568 with the last payment due March 30, 2018. On December 18, 2015, the agreement was amended to redefine the hardware and software configuration and the quarterly payments increased to $198,105.

Amended Employee Agreement – Stephen Rizzone

On April 3, 2015, the Company entered into an Amended and Restated Executive Employment Agreement with Stephen R. Rizzone, the Company’s President and Chief Executive Officer (“Employment Agreement”).

The Employment Agreement has an effective date of January 1, 2015 and an initial term of four years (the “Initial Employment Period”). The Employment Agreement provides for an annual base salary of $365,000, and Mr. Rizzone is eligible to receive quarterly cash bonuses with a total target amount equal to 100% of his base salary based upon achievement of performance-based objectives established by the Company’s board of directors.

Pursuant to Mr. Rizzone’s prior employment agreement, on December 12, 2013 Mr. Rizzone was granted a ten year option to purchase 275,689 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $1.68 vesting over four years

 

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ENERGOUS CORPORATION

Notes to Financial Statements

Note 6 – Commitments and Contingencies, continued

Amended Employee Agreement – Stephen Rizzone, continued

 

in 48 monthly installments beginning October 1, 2013 (“First Option”). Mr. Rizzone was also granted a second option award to purchase 496,546 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $6.00 (“Second Option”). The Second Option vests over the same vesting schedule as the First Option.

Effective May 21, 2015, with the approval by the Company’s stockholders of its new performance-based equity plan, the Employment Agreement provided and Mr. Rizzone received, a grant of 639,075 Performance Share Units (the “PSUs”). The PSUs, which represent the right to receive shares of common stock, shall be earned based on the Company’s achievement of market capitalization growth between the effective date of the Employment Agreement and the end of the Initial Employment Period. If the Company’s market capitalization is $100 million or less, no PSUs will be earned. If the Company reaches a market capitalization of $1.1 billion or more, 100% of the PSUs will be earned. For market capitalization between $100 million and $1.1 billion, the percentage of PSUs earned will be determined on a quarterly basis based on straight line interpolation. PSUs earned as of the end of a calendar quarter will be paid 50% immediately and 50% will be deferred until the end of the Initial Employment Period subject to Mr. Rizzone’s continued employment with the Company (See Note 8).

Mr. Rizzone is also eligible to receive all customary and usual benefits generally available to senior executives of the Company.

The Employment Agreement provides that if Mr. Rizzone’s employment is terminated due to his death or disability, if Mr. Rizzone’s employment is terminated by the Company without cause or if he resigns for good reason, twenty-five percent (25%) of the shares subject to the First Option and the Second Option shall immediately vest and become exercisable, he will have a period of one year post-termination to exercise the First Option and the Second Option, and if a Liquidation Event (as defined in the Employment Agreement) shall occur prior to the termination of the First Option and the Second Option, one hundred percent (100%) of the shares subject to the First Option and Second Option shall immediately vest and become exercisable effective immediately prior to the consummation of the Liquidation Event. In addition, any outstanding deferred PSUs shall be immediately vested and paid, but any remaining unearned portion of the PSUs shall immediately be canceled and forfeited.

Strategic Alliance Agreement

In November 2016, the Company and Dialog, a related party (see Note 10—Related Party Transactions), entered into a Strategic Alliance Agreement (“Alliance Agreement”) for the manufacture, distribution and commercialization of products incorporating the Company’s wire-free charging technology (“Licensed Products”). Pursuant to the terms of the Alliance Agreement, the Company agreed to engage Dialog as the exclusive supplier of the Licensed Products for specified fields of use, subject to certain exceptions (the “Company Exclusivity Requirement”). Dialog agreed to not distribute, sell or work with any third party to develop any competing products without the Company’s approval (the “Dialog Exclusivity Requirement”). In addition, both parties agreed on a revenue sharing arrangement and will collaborate on the commercialization of Licensed Products based on a mutually-agreed upon plan. Each party will retain all of its intellectual property.

The Alliance Agreement has an initial term of seven years and will automatically renew annually thereafter unless terminated by either party upon 180 days’ prior written notice. The Company may terminate the Alliance Agreement at any time after the third anniversary of the Agreement upon 180 days’ prior written notice to Dialog, or if Dialog breaches certain exclusivity obligations. Dialog may terminate the Alliance Agreement if sales of Licensed Products do not meet specified targets. The Company Exclusivity Requirement will terminate

 

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ENERGOUS CORPORATION

Notes to Financial Statements

Note 6 – Commitments and Contingencies, continued

Strategic Alliance Agreement, continued

 

upon the earlier of January 1, 2021 or the occurrence of certain events relating to the Company’s pre-existing exclusivity obligations. The Dialog Exclusivity Requirement will terminate if no Licensed Products have received the necessary Federal Communications Commission approvals within specified timeframes.

In addition to the Alliance Agreement, the Company and Dialog entered into two securities purchase agreements (see Note 7 - Stockholders’ Equity). 

Note 7 – Stockholders’ Equity

Authorized Capital

The holders of the Company’s common stock are entitled to one vote per share. Holders of common stock are entitled to receive ratably such dividends, if any, as may be declared by the board of directors out of legally available funds. Upon the liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Company, holders of common stock are entitled to share ratably in all assets of the Company that are legally available for distribution.

Filing of Registration Statement

On April 24, 2015, the Company filed a “shelf” registration statement on Form S-3, which became effective on April 30, 2015. The “shelf” registration statement allows the Company from time to time to sell any combination of debt or equity securities described in the registration statement up to aggregate proceeds of $75,000,000.

Pursuant to the shelf registration, on November 17, 2015, the Company consummated an offering of 3,000,005 shares of common stock at $6.90 per share and received from the underwriters’ net proceeds of $19,333,032 (net of underwriters’ discount of $1,242,002 and underwriters’ offering expenses of $125,000). The Company incurred additional offering expenses of $284,576, yielding net proceeds from the offering under shelf registration of $19,048,456. Also, as noted in Note 12—Subsequent Events, the Company raised net proceeds of $38,999,989 (net of underwriters’ discount of $1,000,000) from the sales of 2,221,455 shares of stock in January 2018.

Private Placements

On August 9, 2016, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement with Ascend Legend Master Fund, Ltd. pursuant to which the Company agreed to sell to Ascend Legend Master Fund, Ltd., and its affiliates, 1,618,123 shares of common stock at a price of $12.36 per share and a warrant to purchase up to 1,618,123 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $23.00 per share. The aggregate proceeds from the sale of these shares was $20,000,000.

On November 7, 2016, the Company and Dialog, a related party (see Note 10—Related Party Transactions), entered into a securities purchase agreement pursuant to which the Company agreed to sell to Dialog 763,552 shares of common stock at a price of $13.0967 per share and a warrant to purchase up to 763,552 shares of common stock that may be exercised only on a cashless basis at a price of $17.0257 per share, and may be exercised at any time between the date that is six months and a day after the closing date of the transaction and the three-year anniversary of the closing date. The aggregate proceeds from the sale of these shares was $10,000,011.

 

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ENERGOUS CORPORATION

Notes to Financial Statements

Note 7 – Stockholders’ Equity, continued

Private Placements, continued

 

On December 30, 2016, the Company and JT Group entered into a securities purchase agreement pursuant to which the Company agreed to sell to JT Group 292,056 shares of common stock at a price of $17.12 per share. The aggregate proceeds from the sale of these shares was $4,999,975.

On June 28, 2017, the Company and Dialog Semiconductor, a related party (see Note 10 – Related Party Transactions), entered into a securities purchase agreement pursuant to which the Company agreed to sell Dialog 976,139 shares of common stock at a price of $15.3666 per share and a warrant to purchase up to 654,013 shares of common stock that may be exercised only on a cashless basis at a price of $19.9766 per share, and may be exercised at any time between the date that is six months and one day after the closing date of the transaction and the three-year anniversary of the closing date. The aggregate proceeds from the sale of these shares, which were issued on July 5, 2017, was $14,999,935.

Note 8 – Stock Based Compensation

Equity Incentive Plans

2013 Equity Incentive Plan

In December 2013, the Company’s board of directors and stockholders approved the Company’s 2013 Equity Incentive Plan, providing for the issuance of equity based instruments covering up to an initial total of 1,042,167 shares of common stock.

Effective on March 10, 2014, the Company’s board of directors and stockholders approved the First Amendment to the 2013 Equity Incentive Plan which provided for an increase in the aggregate number of shares of common stock that may be issued pursuant to the Plan to equal 18% of the total number of shares of common stock outstanding immediately following the completion of the IPO (assuming for this purpose the issuance of all shares issuable under the Company’s equity plans, the conversion into common stock of all outstanding securities that are convertible by their terms into common stock and the exercise of all options and warrants exercisable for shares of common stock and including shares and warrants issued to the underwriters for such IPO upon exercise of its over-allotment options).

Effective March 27, 2014, the aggregate total shares which may be issued under the 2013 Equity Incentive Plan were increased to 2,335,967.

Effective on May 19, 2016, the Company’s stockholders approved the amendment and restatement of the 2013 Equity Incentive Plan to increase the number of shares reserved for issuance thereunder by 2,150,000 shares, bringing the total number of approved shares to 4,485,967 under the 2013 Equity Incentive Plan.

As of December 31, 2017, 829,515 shares of common stock remain eligible to be issued through equity-based instruments under the 2013 Equity Incentive Plan.

2014 Non-Employee Equity Compensation Plan

On March 6, 2014, the Company’s board of directors and stockholders approved the 2014 Non-Employee Equity Compensation Plan for the issuance of equity-based instruments covering up to 250,000 shares of common stock to directors and other non-employees.

 

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ENERGOUS CORPORATION

Notes to Financial Statements

Note 8 – Stock Based Compensation, continued

Equity Incentive Plans, continued

 

Effective on May 19, 2016, the Company’s stockholders approved the amendment and restatement of the 2014 Equity Incentive Plan to increase the number of shares reserved for issuance thereunder by 350,000 shares, bringing the total number of approved shares to 600,000 under the 2014 Non-Employee Equity Compensation Plan.

As of December 31, 2017, 292,655 shares of common stock remain eligible to be issued through equity-based instruments under the 2014 Non-Employee Equity Compensation Plan.

2015 Performance Share Unit Plan

On April 10, 2015, the Company’s board of directors approved the Energous Corporation 2015 Performance Share Unit Plan (the “Performance Share Plan”), under which 1,310,104 shares of common stock became available for issuance as PSUs to a select group of employees and directors, subject to approval by the stockholders. On May 21, 2015 the Company’s stockholders approved the Performance Share Plan.

As of December 31, 2017, 31,951 shares of common stock remain eligible to be issued through equity based instruments under the Performance Share Unit Plan.

2017 Equity Inducement Plan

On December 28, 2017, the Board of Directors approved the 2017 Equity Inducement Plan. Under the plan, the Board of Directors reserved 600,000 shares for the grant of RSUs. These grants will be administered by a committee of the Board of Directors or the Board of Directors acting as a Committee. These awards will be granted to individuals who (a) are being hired as an Employee by the Company or any Subsidiary and such Award is a material inducement to such person being hired; (b) are being rehired as an Employee following a bona fide period of interruption of employment with the Company or any Subsidiary; or (c) will become an Employee of the Company or any Subsidiary in connection with a merger or acquisition.

Employee Stock Purchase Plan

On April 10, 2015, the Company’s board of directors approved the ESPP, under which 600,000 shares of common stock have been reserved for purchase by the Company’s employees, subject to approval by the stockholders. On May 21, 2015, the Company’s stockholders approved the ESPP. Employees may designate an amount not less than 1% but not more than 10% of their annual compensation, but for not more than 7,500 shares during an offering period. An offering period shall be six months in duration commencing on or about January 1 and July 1 of each year. The exercise price of the option will be the lesser of 85% of the fair market of the common stock on the first business day of the offering period and 85% of the fair market value of the common stock on the applicable exercise date.

As of December 31, 2017, 405,921 shares of common stock remain eligible to be issued through equity based instruments under the ESPP. For the year ended December 31, 2017, eligible employees contributed $869,066 through payroll deductions to the ESPP and 64,542 shares were deemed delivered for the year ended December 31, 2017. For the year ended December 31, 2016, eligible employees contributed $727,784 through payroll deductions to the ESPP and 85,356 shares were deemed delivered for the year ended December 31, 2016.

 

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ENERGOUS CORPORATION

Notes to Financial Statements

Note 8 – Stock Based Compensation, continued

 

Stock Option Award Activity

The following is a summary of the Company’s stock option activity during the year ended December 31, 2017:

 

		Number of Options				Weighted Average Exercise Price				Weighted Average Remaining Life In Years				Intrinsic Value
Outstanding at January 1, 2017			1,309,444			$	4.55				7.1			$	16,107,929
Granted			—				—				—				—
Exercised			(272,205	)			3.60				—				—
Forfeited			—				—				—				—
Outstanding at December 31, 2017			1,037,239			$	4.80				6.4			$	15,198,044
Exercisable at December 31, 2017			1,037,239			$	4.80				6.4			$	15,198,044

As of December 31, 2017, the unamortized value of options was $0.

The aggregate intrinsic value of options exercised was $2,864,845, $984,144 and $92,728 for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively.

No options were granted during the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015.

Restricted Stock Units (“RSUs”)

During the first quarter of 2017, the compensation committee of the board of directors (“Compensation Committee”) granted various directors RSUs under which the holders have the right to receive an aggregate of 48,844 shares of common stock. These awards were granted under the 2014 Non-Employee Equity Compensation Plan. The awards vest fully on the first anniversary of the grant date.

During the first quarter of 2017, the Compensation Committee granted employees RSU awards under which the holders have the right to receive an aggregate of 246,000 shares of common stock. The awards vest over four years beginning on the anniversary of the employee hire dates.

During the first quarter of 2017, the Compensation Committee granted various employees RSU awards under the 2013 Equity Incentive Plan under which the holders have the right to receive an aggregate of 351,080 shares of common stock. The awards vest over terms from two to four years.

During the second quarter of 2017, the Compensation Committee granted various consultants RSUs under which the holders have the right to receive an aggregate of 8,400 shares of common stock. These awards were granted under the 2014 Non-Employee Equity Compensation Plan. The awards vest over terms from two to four years.

During the second quarter of 2017, the Compensation Committee granted employees RSU awards under which the holders have the right to receive an aggregate of 120,000 shares of common stock. A majority of the awards vest over four years beginning on the anniversary of the employee hire dates.

 

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ENERGOUS CORPORATION

Notes to Financial Statements

Note 8 – Stock Based Compensation, continued

Restricted Stock Units (“RSUs”), continued

 

During the second quarter of 2017, the Compensation Committee granted employees RSU awards under the 2013 Equity Incentive Plan under which the holders have the right to receive an aggregate of 308,059 shares of common stock. The awards vest over terms from two to four years.

During the third quarter of 2017, the Compensation Committee granted employees RSU awards under the 2013 Equity Incentive Plan under which the holders have the right to receive an aggregate of 117,514 shares of common stock. The awards vest over terms from two to four years.

During the fourth quarter of 2017, the Compensation Committee granted employees RSU awards under the 2013 Equity Incentive Plan under which the holders have the right to receive an aggregate of 53,188 shares of common stock. A majority of the awards vest over a four year term.

The Company accounts for RSUs granted to consultants using the accounting guidance included in ASC 505-50 “Equity-Based Payments to Non-Employees” (“ASC 505-50”). In accordance with ASC 505-50, the Company estimates the fair value of the unvested portion of the RSU award each reporting period using the closing price of the Company’s common stock.

At December 31, 2017, the unamortized value of the RSUs was $24,701,605. The unamortized amount will be expensed over a weighted average period of 2.7 years. A summary of the activity related to RSUs for the year ended December 31, 2017 is presented below:

 

		Total				Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Outstanding at January 1, 2017			2,052,223			$	11.58
RSUs granted			1,253,085			$	15.81
RSUs forfeited			(249,928	)		$	12.63
RSUs vested			(781,055	)		$	11.53
Outstanding at December 31, 2017			2,274,325			$	13.75

Performance Share Units (“PSUs”)

Performance share units (“PSUs”) are grants that vest upon the achievement of certain performance goals. The goals are commonly related to the Company’s market capitalization or market share price of the common stock.

The PSUs originally issued during 2015 to certain board members and senior management shall be earned based on the Company’s achievement of market capitalization growth between the effective date of the Employment Agreement and the end of the Initial Employment Period. If the Company’s market capitalization is $100 million or less, no PSUs will be earned. If the Company reaches a market capitalization of $1.1 billion or more, 100% of the PSUs will be earned. For market capitalization between $100 million and $1.1 billion, the percentage of PSUs earned will be determined on a quarterly basis based on straight line interpolation.

The Company determined that the PSUs were equity awards with both market and service conditions. The Company utilized a Monte Carlo simulation to determine the fair value of the market condition, as described

 

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ENERGOUS CORPORATION

Notes to Financial Statements

Note 8 – Stock Based Compensation, continued

Performance Share Units (“PSUs”), continued

 

below. Grantees of PSUs are required to be employed through December 31, 2018 in order to earn the entire award, if and when vested. No PSUs were granted during the year ended December 31, 2017.

 

		Performance Share Units (PSUs) Granted During the Year Ended December 31, 2016
Market capitalization		$	106,600,000
Dividend yield			0	%
Expected volatility			75	%
Risk-free interest rate			1.04	%

The fair value of the grants of PSUs to purchase a total of 1,342,061 shares of common stock (including 1,278,153 PSUs granted under the 2015 Performance Share Unit Plan and 63,908 granted as an inducement) was determined to be approximately $3,218,000, and is amortized over the service period of May 21, 2015 through December 31, 2018, on a straight-line basis.

On October 24, 2016, the compensation committee of the board of directors granted Mr. Rizzone a PSU award under the 2013 Equity Incentive Plan under which Mr. Rizzone has the right to receive 150,000 shares of the Company’s common stock. The shares of this award vest upon the Company’s stock price meeting specific targets.

For the PSU award grant issued to Mr. Rizzone, a Monte Carlo simulation was used to determine the fair value at each of the five target prices of the Company’s common stock, using a market capitalization of $298,857,000, dividend yield of 0%, expected volatility of 75% and a risk-free interest rate of 0.66%.

The fair value of the PSUs granted to Mr. Rizzone under the 2013 Equity Incentive Plan was determined to be $2,332,000, and is amortized over the estimated service period from October 24, 2016 through October 30, 2017.

Amortization for all PSU awards was $1,661,650 and $2,285,683 for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

At December 31, 2017, the unamortized value of all PSUs was approximately $819,910. The unamortized amount will be expensed over a weighted average period of 1.0 years. A summary of the activity related to PSUs for the year ended December 31, 2017 is presented below:

 

		Total				Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Outstanding at January 1, 2017			1,153,617			$	3.66
PSUs granted			—			$	—
PSUs forfeited			(111,960	)		$	2.62
PSUs vested			(90,000	)		$	13.82
Outstanding at December 31, 2017			951,657			$	2.65

Deferred Stock Units (“DSUs”)

On January 4, 2016, the compensation committee of the board of directors granted to John Gaulding, director and chairman of the board, DSUs under the 2014 Non-Employee Equity Compensation Plan for which

 

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ENERGOUS CORPORATION

Notes to Financial Statements

Note 8 – Stock Based Compensation, continued

Deferred Stock Units (“DSUs”), continued

 

Mr. Gaulding has the right to receive 14,953 shares of the Company’s common stock. These shares were issued to Mr. Gaulding in lieu of $125,000 of his anticipated compensation for his services on the board, including $75,000 worth of DSUs and $50,000 of his regular board stipends. The award granted vests fully on the first anniversary of the grant date. Amortization was $1,362 and $123,644 for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

At December 31, 2017, the unamortized value of the DSUs was $0. A summary of the activity related to DSUs for the year ended December 31, 2017 is presented below:

 

		Total				Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Outstanding at January 1, 2017			14,953			$	8.36
DSUs granted			—			$	—
DSUs forfeited			—			$	—
DSUs vested			(14,953	)		$	8.36
Outstanding at December 31, 2017			—			$	—

Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“ESPP”)

During the year ended December 31, 2017, there were two offering periods for the ESPP. The first offering period started on January 1, 2017 and concluded on June 30, 2017. The second offering period started on July 1, 2017 and concluded on December 31, 2017. During the year ended December 31, 2016, there were also two offering periods for the ESPP. The first offering period started on January 1, 2016 and concluded on June 30, 2016. The second offering period started on July 1, 2016 and concluded on December 31, 2016. During the year ended December 31, 2015, there was one initial offering period for the ESPP which started on July 1, 2015 and concluded on December 31, 2015.

The weighted-average grant-date fair value of the purchase option for each designated share purchased under this plan was approximately $5.42, $5.20 and $2.46 during the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively, which represents the fair value of the option, consisting of three main components: (i) the value of the discount on the enrollment date, (ii) the proportionate value of the call option for 85% of the stock and (iii) the proportionate value of the put option for 15% of the stock. The Company recognized compensation expense for the plan of $331,913, $318,735 and $113,217 for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively.

 

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ENERGOUS CORPORATION

Notes to Financial Statements

Note 8 – Stock Based Compensation, continued

Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“ESPP”), continued

 

The Company estimated the fair value of the purchase options granted during the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The fair values of the purchase options granted were estimated using the following assumptions:

 

		For the Year Ended December 31, 2017
Stock price range		$	16.08  -17.59
Dividend yield			0	%
Expected volatility range			56 – 66	%
Risk-free interest rate range			0.62 – 1.11	%
Expected life			6 months
		For the Year Ended December 31, 2016
Stock price range		$	8.36 – 12.16
Dividend yield			0	%
Expected volatility range			56 – 100	%
Risk-free interest rate range			0.37 – 0.49	%
Expected life			6 months
		For the Year Ended December 31, 2015
Stock price		$	7.41
Dividend yield			0	%
Expected volatility			65	%
Risk-free interest rate			0.13	%
Expected life			6 months

Stock-Based Compensation Expense

The following tables summarize total stock-based compensation costs recognized for years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015:

 

		For the Years Ended December 31,
		2017				2016				2015
Stock options		$	764,723			$	1,045,081			$	1,037,399
RSUs			13,043,171				5,735,032				4,225,728
PSUs			1,661,650				2,285,683				489,239
DSUs			1,362				123,644				—
ESPP			331,913				318,735				113,217
IR warrants			—				—				85,831
Total		$	15,802,819			$	9,508,175			$	5,951,414

 

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ENERGOUS CORPORATION

Notes to Financial Statements

Note 8 – Stock Based Compensation, continued

Stock-Based Compensation Expense, continued

 

The total amount of stock-based compensation was reflected within the statements of operations as:

 

		For the Years Ended December 31,
		2017				2016				2015
Research and development		$	8,522,798			$	4,226,304			$	2,816,707
Sales and marketing			1,113,120				328,760				729,329
General and administrative			6,166,901				4,953,111				2,405,378
Total		$	15,802,819			$	9,508,175			$	5,951,414

Note 9 – Income Taxes

On December 22, 2017, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “2017 Tax Act”) was enacted. The 2017 Tax Act includes a number of changes to existing U.S. tax laws that impact the company, most notably a reduction of the U.S. corporate income tax rate from 35 percent to 21 percent for tax years beginning after December 31, 2017. The company measures deferred tax assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates that will apply in the years in which the temporary differences are expected to be recovered or paid. Accordingly, the company’s deferred tax assets and liabilities were remeasured to reflect the reduction in the U.S. corporate income tax rate from 35% to 21%, resulting in a $19,432,000 decrease in net deferred tax assets for the year ended December 31, 2017 and a corresponding $19,432,000 decrease in valuation allowance as of December 31, 2017.

The SEC staff issued Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118 (“SAB 118”) to address the application of U.S. GAAP in situations when a registrant does not have the necessary information available, prepared, or analyzed (including computations) in reasonable detail to complete the accounting for certain income tax effects of the 2017 Tax Act. SAB 118 provides a measurement period that should not extend beyond one year from the 2017 Tax Act enactment date for companies to complete the accounting for the income tax effects of certain elements of the 2017 Tax Act. In accordance with SAB 118, we have recognized the provisional tax impacts related to the remeasurement of deferred tax assets and liabilities and included these amounts in our financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2017. The ultimate impact may differ from these provisional amounts, possibly materially, due to, among other things, additional analysis, changes in interpretations and assumptions we have made, additional regulatory guidance that may be issued, and actions we may take as a result of the 2017 Tax Act.

 

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ENERGOUS CORPORATION

Notes to Financial Statements

Note 9 – Income Taxes, continued

 

As of December 31, 2017, and 2016, the Company’s deferred tax assets (liabilities) consisted of the effects of temporary differences attributable to the following:

 

		December 31,
		2017				2016
Deferred tax assets (liabilities):
Tax credit		$	4,335,394			$	2,802,573
Net operating loss carryovers			23,630,008				16,174,712
Property and equipment			99,756				(58,747	)
Research and development costs			15,372,328				18,628,913
Start-up and organizational costs			774				1,222
Stock-based compensation			2,473,591				1,829,843
Other accruals			260,113				341,090
Total gross deferred tax assets			46,171,964				39,719,606
Less: valuation allowance			(46,171,964	)			(39,719,606	)
Deferred tax assets, net		$	—			$	—

The change in the Company’s valuation allowance is as follows:

 

		2017				2016
January 1,		$	39,719,606			$	22,085,888
Increase in valuation allowance			6,452,358				17,633,718
December 31,		$	46,171,964			$	39,719,606

The Company has federal and state net operating loss carryovers of approximately $84,418,000 and $85,515,000, respectively, available to offset future taxable income. The federal and state NOL carryforwards will expire at various dates beginning in 2033. The Company has federal and state research and development tax credit carryovers of approximately $2,686,000 and $2,088,000, respectively. The federal R&D credit carryovers will expire beginning in 2032 and state R&D credit carryovers do not expire. The ultimate realization of the net operating loss is dependent upon future taxable income, if any, of the Company and may be limited in any one period by alternative minimum tax rules. Although management believes that the Company may have sufficient future taxable income to absorb the net operating loss carryovers and research and development tax credit carryovers before the expiration of the carryover period, there may be circumstances beyond the Company’s control that limit such utilization. Accordingly, management has determined that a full valuation allowance of the deferred tax asset is appropriate at December 31, 2017 and 2016.

 

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